摘要
随着城市化水平的不断提升,城市扩张给城市野生动物带来一定影响。鸟类鸣声是其适应环境的显著行为表达,城市背景下鸟类鸣声参数的时空差异规律可能反映城市扩张对鸟类的影响,为此,以黑龙江省典型留鸟普通䴓(Sitta europaea)为研究对象,在2017—2019年采集其鸣声数据,以城市林业基地(东北林业大学城市林业示范基地)为城市干扰数据,以城郊实验林场(东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场)和偏远自然保护区(黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区)为自然生态环境数据,分别探析城市与城郊和偏远自然保护区自然生态环境中普通䴓繁殖季和越冬季的鸣声差异。结果显示:(1)城市林业基地普通䴓鸣声参数单音节双音素的持续时间存在季节差异(P=0.035),繁殖季鸣唱时间长于越冬季;(2)在繁殖季,城市和城郊普通䴓鸣声参数存在空间差异,其中城市普通䴓单音节三音素持续时间(P<0.001)、最低频率(P=0.003)显著高于城郊,单音节四音素持续时间更长(P<0.001)、最高频率更低(P=0.017)、最低频率更高(P=0.001);(3)在越冬季,城市普通䴓的鸣声参数仅单音节双音素的最低频率(P=0.007)显著低于偏远自然保护区。综合分析发现,城市背景下普通䴓具备多维度的声学适应性行为。城市鸟类通过调整鸣声频率和持续时间等参数,能更好地适应城市化发展的挑战。研究结果可为城市化进程中鸟类声学适应研究提供重要参考。
With the continuous improvement of urbanization levels,urban expansion is having certain impacts on urban wildlife.Bird song is a significant behavioral adaptation to the environment,the spatiotemporal differences in bird song pa⁃rameters in urban context may reflect the impacts of urban expansion on birds.To investigate this,taking the Eurasian nut⁃hatch(Sitta europaea),a typical resident bird in Heilongjiang Province,as the research object,its song data were col⁃lected from 2017 to 2019.Taking the urban forestry base(Urban Forestry Demonstration Base of Northeast Forestry Uni⁃versity)as the urban disturbance data,and the suburban experimental forest farm(Maoer Mountain Experimental Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University)and the remote nature reserve(Heilongjiang Liangshui National Nature Reserve)as the natural environment data,this study explores the differences in the songs of the Eurasian nuthatch between the breed⁃ing season and the overwintering season in urban,suburban,and remote natural environments.The results show that(1)in the urban forestry base,there are seasonal differences in the duration of the monosyllabic disyllabic elements of the Eurasian nuthatch’s song(P=0.035),with longer singing time in the breeding season than in the overwintering season.(2)in the breeding season,significant spatial differences in the song parameters of the Eurasian nuthatch were observed between urban and suburban areas.Specifically,in urban environments,the duration of monosyllabic trisyllabic song(P<0.001)and minimum frequency(P=0.003)were significantly higher than those in suburban areas.Additionally,the dura⁃tion of monosyllabic tetrasyllabic song was longer(P<0.001),the maximum frequency was lower(P=0.017),and mini⁃mum frequency was higher(P=0.001)in urban areas compared to suburban ones.(3)In the overwintering season,the minimum frequency of monosyllabic disyllabic songs in urban areas was significantly lower than that in remote nature re⁃serves(P=0.007).These findings suggest that the Eurasian nuthatch exhibits multidimensional acoustic adaptive behaviors in urban environments.Urban birds adjust song parameters such as frequency and duration to better adapt to the chal⁃lenges of urbanization.This study provides important insights into the acoustic adaptation in birds during urbanization.
作者
孙雪颖
朱井丽
吴庆明
沙力瓦·拍依祖拉木
邹红菲
SUN Xueying;ZHU Jingli;WU Qingming;Shaliwa·Paiyizulamu;ZOU Hongfei(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Heilongjiang Vocational Institute of Ecological Engineering,Harbin 150025,China;Forestry Planning Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830049,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期681-687,共7页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk1203-4)。
关键词
普通䴓
鸣声参数
季节差异
空间差异
Eurasian nuthatch(Sitta europaea)
Song parameters
Seasonal differences
Spatial differences
