摘要
集群行为是鸟类适应环境普遍且重要的生态习性,是鸟类行为生态学研究的重要领域。红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)和红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)均为国家二级重点保护野生动物和近危(NT)物种,作为华中地区同域分布的物种,对它们在不同季节的集群活动情况及各类行为频次的比较研究尚缺乏报道。为此,2021年4月—2024年4月,在湖北大老岭国家级自然保护区参照公里网格法同时结合研究对象的具体分布状况布设98台红外相机。首次系统分析该地区红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉在性别比例、集群和行为类型方面的季节性差异。结果表明:(1)两种雉类的雌雄性比在冬季最高,秋季最低;(2)两种雉类集群的个体数量均以1~3只为主;(3)两种雉类的非集群类型在4个季节中出现频次最高的是孤雄,两种雉类在冬季主要以单性雄群的集群方式为主;(4)两种雉类在4个季节的主要行为均是位移和觅食,在冬季,两种雉类的位移行为频次占比较高;(5)相对活动强度指数显示,两种雉类在春季活动强度最高,在秋季活动强度最低。研究结果可为该地区两个物种的保护管理及生态学研究提供科学依据与参考。
Flocking behavior is a common and important ecological habit of birds to adapt to their environment.Golden pheasant(Chrysolophus pictus)and Temminck’s tragopan(Tragopan temminckii)are both classified as Class II protected wildlife in China and considered near-threatened species.As sympatric species distributed in the central region of China,however,there is still a lack of comparative research on their flocking activities and frequency of various behaviors in different seasons.Therefore,from April 2021 to April 2024,98 camera traps were deployed in Dalaoling National Nature Reserve in Hubei Province.The deployment was mainly carried out by referring to the kilometer grid method and combining it with the specific distribution of the research objects.For the first time,a systematic analysis was conducted on the seasonal differences in sex ratio,flocking,and behavior types of golden pheasant and Temminck’s tragopan.The results showed that(1)the ratio of females to males of the two species of pheasants is the highest in winter and lowest in autumn.(2)The flocking size of the two species of pheasants mainly ranges from one to three.(3)Among the non-flocking type of the two species of pheasants,the one male pattern has the highest frequency of occurrence in the four seasons.For the two species of pheasants,the main flocking pattern in winter is the male group.(4)The main behaviors of the two species of pheasants in the four seasons are moving and foraging.In winter,the frequency of moving behavior accounts for a rela⁃tively high proportion for the two species of pheasants.(5)The relative activity index shows that both species of pheasants have the highest intensity of activity in the spring(reaching peak activity),while their activity intensity is lowest during the autumn.This study could provide scientific basis and reference for the conservation management and ecological research of the two species in this region.
作者
黎经锦
王翔俊
齐一轩
彭洪林
郭义东
王传华
LI Jingjin;WANG Xiangjun;QI Yixuan;PENG Honglin;GUO Yidong;WANG Chuanhua(College of Biology and Pharmacy,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Adminitration of the Dalaoling National Reserve in the Three Gorges,Yichang 443000,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期582-594,共13页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
关键词
红外相机
红腹锦鸡
红腹角雉
季节
集群
行为频次
Camera-trapping
Golden pheasant(Chrysolo⁃phus pictus)
Temminck’s tragopan(Tragopan temminckii)
Season
Flocking
Frequency of behavior
