摘要
脑机接口技术在采集与解码脑电信号过程中,已展现出识别个体内在认知与意图的能力,进而引发了对“脑隐私”及其法律保护边界的讨论。以脑机技术在医疗领域的应用为样本,依据当前脑机设备的解析能力可将采集的电子数据划分为无法解码与可以解码数据两种类型。在此基础上,根据信息内容可将可以解码的数据进一步细分为个人信息与个人隐私,由此提炼出脑机信息在法律范畴下的三种形态——无法解码的数据、个人信息、个人隐私。脑机信息不应仅因来自大脑意识就被泛化定性为隐私而升级规制或厚此薄彼,须以三种形态的实际特点为准分别调整,力求在推动医疗技术发展与防范病患信息泄露风险之间达成平衡。同时,对脑机信息的保护还须实时关注脑机解码技术的动态变化,及时调整三类脑机信息形态之间的边界与范畴,并开展有针对性的制度调适。
In the process of collecting and decoding brain electrical signals,brain-computer interface(BCI)technology has demonstrated the ability to identify individual's intrinsic cognition and intentions,thereby sparking discussions on"brain privacy"and the boundaries of its legal protection.Taking the application of BCI technology in the medical field as an example,collected electronic data can be categorized into undecipherable and decipherable types based on current BCI device analytical capabilities.Building on this,decipherable data can be further subdivided into personal information and personal privacy according to content,thus constructing three forms of brain-computer information within the legal scope:undecipherable data,personal information,and personal privacy.Brain-computer information should not be indiscriminately generalized as privacy merely because it originates from brain consciousness,leading to escalated or biased reg-ulation.Instead,it must be adjusted according to the actual characteristics of its three forms to strike a balance between promoting medical technology development and preventing the risk of patient information leakage.Simultaneously,the protection of brain-computer information must continuously monitor dynamic changes in BCI decoding technology,promptly adjust the bound-aries and scope among the three types of brain-computer information,and implement targeted institutional adaptations.
出处
《东方法学》
北大核心
2025年第4期196-208,共13页
Oriental Law
关键词
脑机接口
脑机信息
脑隐私
个人数据
个人信息
法律规制
brain-computer interface
brain-computer information
brain privacy
personal data
personal information
legal regulation
