摘要
随着全球对于环保和节能的日益重视,以及消费者对于汽车安全性及可靠性愈发关注,市场对汽车提出越来越高的轻量化、安全性及耐蚀性等多目标要求,这推动了超高强度钢、轻合金、镀层材料及结构胶等的大量应用。材料的可焊性下降,焊接不良率上升,使汽车车身自动线点焊工艺质量管理面临诸多难题。本文从焊接质量源流保证角度,分析了点焊的主要影响因素及控制措施,包括焊接参数(如采用“马鞍形”通电波形、中频自适应焊接技术)、电极条件(如规范更换安装、引入修磨视觉监测)、焊枪性能(如定期检证输出、优化打点姿态)、工件状态(如管控配合状态与清洁度)等关键要素的管控;同时从焊接缺陷防止流出的角度,探讨了强度检查体制的完善,包括多种检查方式(目视检查、半破坏检查、超声波无损检查等)的应用及创新性的焊点分级管控体系(A级全检、B级高频抽检、C级常规抽检),旨在为汽车行业的车身点焊质量管理提供参考与借鉴。
With the increasing global emphasis on environmental protection and energy conservation,and consumers'grow‐ing concern for automobile safety and reliability,the market has set increasingly high requirements for vehicles in terms of lightweighting,safety,and corrosion resistance.This has driven the extensive application of ultra-high-strength steels,light alloys,coated materials,and structural adhesives.The decline in material weldability and the increase in defective welding rates have posed many challenges to the quality management of automatic spot welding processes in automobile bodies.This paper analyzes the main influencing factors and control measures of spot welding from the perspective of ensuring welding quality at the source,including the control of key elements such as welding parameters(e.g.,using a"saddle-shaped"power waveform,medium-frequency adaptive welding technology),electrode conditions(e.g.,standardizing re‐placement and installation,introducing grinding visual monitoring),torch performance(e.g.,regular verification of output,optimizing spotting posture),and workpiece conditions(e.g.,controlling matching state and cleanliness).At the same time,from the perspective of preventing welding defects from leaving the process,the paper discusses the improvement of the strength inspection system,including the application of various inspection methods(visual inspection,semi-destructive in‐spection,ultrasonic non-destructive inspection,etc.)and an innovative welding spot grading control system(A-level full in‐spection,B-level high-frequency sampling inspection,C-level routine sampling inspection),aiming to provide reference and guidance for the quality management of spot welding in the automobile industry.
作者
张国旺
何秋
王伟斌
ZHANG Guowang;HE Qiu;WANG Weibin(GAC HondaAutomobile Co.,Ltd,Guangzhou 510700,China)
出处
《电焊机》
2025年第8期100-106,115,共8页
Electric Welding Machine
关键词
电阻点焊
汽车车身
质量控制
自适应焊接
分级管控
resistance spot welding
automotive body
quality control
adaptive welding
graded management
