摘要
目的 系统评估太原市售坚果中铅、镉、砷污染特征及其通过膳食途径对人体健康的潜在风险。方法 在太原市采集具有代表性的树坚果和籽坚果共10个品种,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测坚果中铅、镉、砷的含量水平。基于铅、镉、砷含量检测结果,运用单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数对坚果中铅、镉、砷污染程度进行综合评价。同时,参考美国国家环境保护局(US Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA)推荐的环境健康风险评价模型评估食用坚果对成人及儿童造成的健康风险。结果 单因子污染指数显示,除1份核桃和1份腰果中铅含量处于轻度污染水平,其余样品中铅、镉、砷含量均处于安全级别。内梅罗综合污染指数显示,腰果处于轻度污染水平,核桃处于警戒线水平,其余8种坚果均处于安全水平。非致癌风险评估显示,10种坚果中铅、镉、砷的危害指数(hazard index,HI)均小于1,表明通过坚果摄入导致的3种重金属暴露对成人和儿童均没有明显的非致癌风险。致癌风险评估显示,8种坚果中铅、镉、砷的总致癌风险(total carcinogenic risk,TCR)值在USEPA推荐的可接受范围内。值得注意的是,葵花籽和松籽对儿童的总致癌风险值大于1×10^(–4),超过可接受水平,对成人的致癌风险尚在可接受范围内,但其风险值已接近上限。结论 太原市售10种坚果铅、镉、砷污染总体处于安全范围内。非致癌风险评估显示,食用10类坚果导致的3种重金属暴露对成人和儿童没有明显的非致癌风险。终身致癌风险评估显示,食用葵花籽和松籽对成人的致癌风险虽在可接受范围内,但是对儿童的致癌风险已超过可接受水平,存在潜在的健康隐患。
Objective To systematically evaluate the pollution characteristics of lead,cadmium and arsenic in commercially available nuts in Taiyuan and the potential risks to human health through dietary routes.Methods A total of 10 representative varieties of tree nuts and seed nuts were collected in Taiyuan City.The content levels of lead,cadmium and arsenic in the nuts were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Based on the detection results of lead,cadmium and arsenic content,the pollution degrees of lead,cadmium and arsenic in nuts were comprehensively evaluated by using the single-factor pollution index and the Nemero comprehensive pollution index.Meanwhile,the health risks caused by consuming nuts to adults and children were evaluated by referring to the environmental health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).Results The single-factor pollution index showed that except for the lead in one sample of walnuts and one sample of cashews which was at a mild pollution level,the lead,cadmium and arsenic indicators of the remaining samples were all at a safe level.The nemero comprehensive pollution index showed that cashew nuts were at a slightly polluted level,walnuts were at the warning line level,and other 8 kinds of nuts were all at a safe level.The non-carcinogenic risk showed that the hazard index(HI)of lead,cadmium and arsenic in the 10 kinds of nuts was all less than 1,indicating that the exposure of 3 kinds of heavy metals caused by nut intake had no obvious non-carcinogenic risk for both adults and children.The carcinogenic risk assessment found that the total carcinogenic risk(TCR)values of lead,cadmium and arsenic in 8 kinds of nuts were within the acceptable range recommended by the USEPA.It was worth noting that the total carcinogenic risk value of sunflower seeds and pine seeds for children was greater than 1×10–4,exceeding the acceptable level.The carcinogenic risk for adults was still within the acceptable range,but the risk value was approaching the upper limit.Conclusion The lead,cadmium and arsenic pollution of 10 kinds of nuts available on the market in Taiyuan is generally within a safe range.The assessment of non-carcinogenic risks show that the exposure to 3 kinds of heavy metals caused by consuming 10 kinds of nuts do not pose a significant non-carcinogenic risk to adults and children.Lifetime cancer risk assessment shows that although the cancer risk for adults from consuming sunflower seeds and pine seeds is within an acceptable range,the cancer risk for children has exceeded the acceptable level,posing potential health risks.
作者
王晓丽
徐计宏
郭建娥
李常青
赵会峰
张国红
李慧晴
WANG Xiao-Li;XU Ji-Hong;GUO Jian-E;LI Chang-Qing;ZHAO Hui-Feng;ZHANG Guo-Hong;LI Hui-Qing(Taiyuan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Taiyuan 030032,China)
出处
《食品安全质量检测学报》
2025年第17期313-320,共8页
Journal of Food Safety and Quality
关键词
重金属
坚果
健康风险评估
heavy metals
nuts
health risk evaluation
