摘要
目的分析2013-2023年泰安市百日咳流行病学特征与变化趋势,为制订预防控制措施提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2013-2023年泰安市百日咳病例数据,采用描述性流行病学方法对2013-2023年泰安市百日咳的地区分布、时间分布和人群分布等流行病学特征进行全面分析。研究内容包括各年度报告发病率、地区分布特征、时间分布特征、年龄和性别分布特征。χ^(2)检验或χ^(2)趋势检验分析各变量间的差异,评估年度报告发病率、≥5岁人群占比及不同职业人群占比随时间变化的趋势。结果2013-2023年泰安市共报告百日咳3548例,无死亡病例,年均报告发病率为5.80/10万。各年度报告发病率差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=4598.97,P<0.001。2013-2023年发病率呈总体上升趋势,χ^(2)_(趋势)=82.72,P<0.001。泰安市各地区年均发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=79.40,P<0.001),岱岳区最高(6.90/10万),宁阳县最低(4.18/10万)。2013-2023年泰安市1-12月均有病例报告,1月(198例,5.58%)开始增多,7月达高峰(510例,14.38%),月报告病例数占比差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=814.28,P<0.001。各年龄组报告发病率差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=70542.24,P<0.001。≥5岁占比从2013年20.00%(3/15)升至2023年57.58%(19/33),χ^(2)_(趋势)=191.10,P<0.001。3548例百日咳报告病例中,男女性别比1.16∶1,除2016、2020年外,男性发病率均略高于女性,年均差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=16.15,P<0.001。散居儿童从2013年81.28%降至2023年48.02%,χ^(2)_(趋势)=278.38,P<0.001;学生占比从2013年18.75%升至2023年32.35%,χ^(2)_(趋势)=116.57,P<0.001。结论2013-2023年泰安市百日咳报告发病率处于较高水平,总体呈现上升趋势;发病以婴幼儿为主,报告病例数占比向≥5岁组后移。需加强疫情监测和宣教,提高预防接种覆盖率,优化百日咳预防接种策略,有效控制疾病流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of pertussis in Taian city from 2013 to 2023,providing evidence for prevention and control strategies.Methods Case data were extracted from the China Disease Pre-vention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze spatial,temporal,and population distributions.Annual incidence rates,regional/seasonal variations,and demographic patterns were assessed by using x tests or x trend tests.Results From 2013 to 2023,a total of 3548 pertussis cases were reported in Taian city,with no deaths,yielding an average annual incidence rate of 5.80 per 100000 population.Significant differences were ob-served in annual incidence rates(χ^(2)=4598.97,P<0.001),with an overall upward trend(trend χ^(2)=82.72,P<0.001).Regional variations in annual incidence were statistically significant(χ^(2)=79.40,P<0.001),with Daiyue dis-trict having the highest rate(6.90/100000)and Ningyang county the lowest(4.18/100000).Cases were reported throughout the year(January-December),with an increase starting in January(198 cases,5.58%),peaking in July(510 cases,14.38%);monthly case distribution differences were significant(χ^(2)=814.28,P<0.001).Significant variations existed across age groups(χ^(2)=70542.24,P<0.001),with the proportion of cases aged≥5 years rising from 20.00%(3/15)in 2013 to 57.58%(19/33)in 2023(trend χ^(2)=191.10,P<0.001).Among all cases,the male-to-female ratio was 1.16:1;except in 2016 and 2020,male incidence rates were consistently slightly higher than females,with statistically significant annual dfferences(χ^(2)=16.15,P<0.001).The proportion of non-institutionalized children decreased from 81.28%in 2013 to 48.02%in 2023(trendχ^(2)=278.38,P<0.001),while student cases increased from 18.75%to 32.35%(trend χ^(2)=116.57,P<0.001).Conclusions From 2013 to 2023,the reported incidence rate of pertussis in Taian city remained at a relatively high level,showing an overall upward trend.The majority of cases occurred in infants and young children,but the proportion of reported cases gradually shifted to the≥5-year-old age group.It is necessary to strengthen epidemic surveillance and health education,improve vacination coverage,and optimize pertussis immunization strategies to effectively control the spread of the disease.
作者
石艳艳
国青
徐丽莎
李楠
SHI Yanyan;GUO Qing;XU Lisha;LI Nan(Immunization Program Division,Taian Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Taian,Shandong 271oo0,Chin)
出处
《社区医学杂志》
2025年第9期287-291,共5页
Journal Of Community Medicine
基金
山东省医药卫生科技项目(202412050052)。
关键词
百日咳
发病率
流行病学特征
变化趋势
泰安市
pertussis
incidence rate
epidemiological characteristics
changing trends
Taian city
