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诚信协商——WTO争端解决的非法律手段

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摘要 WTO解决争端制度,是从GATT1994第22条和23条发展和演化形成的.GATT第22条的标题"协商(磋商)"(consultation)明显是指用外交手段来作为解决争端的首选方式和主要手段.即便第23条明文提到含有初级司法解决意思的段落,即:"凡在合理期限内,在有关缔约方之间作不出令人满意的调整……缔约方全体应迅速调查向之提出的任何这类事情,向他认为有关的缔约方提出适当建议,或者在适宜时做出裁定(ruling)".这一规定后来曾长期被解释为:缔约方全体(或者GATT)只是作为争端解决的"调解人"角色,与WTO<解决争端谅解>第5条中的"斡旋、调解与调停"相差无几.这和把GATT看作为一种"临时性合同"(provisional contract),是一个"权力取向(型)"(power-oriented)团体的观点完全一致.虽然到上世纪80年代,或东京回合后,尊法主义抬头,开始重视用第三方专家组判案,但GATT长时期并没有摆脱以外交手段为主导的(power-oriented)解决争端机制的阴影.
作者 赵维田
出处 《国际贸易》 CSSCI 北大核心 2002年第12期35-38,共4页 Intertrade
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