摘要
红土镍矿高压硫酸浸出工艺提取镍钴后会产生大量废渣,含有铁、镍、钴、锰、铬、稀土等有价元素,其中铁为优势资源,含量40%~60%,主要以赤铁矿形式存在,但该渣粒度细、矿物嵌布关系复杂、硫含量高,处理难度极大。目前红土镍矿酸浸渣的主要处理方法是采用尾渣库堆存,不但建设成本高,而且浪费资源,潜在溃坝风险大;针对该渣处理方法开展的研究主要包括生产铁精矿、生产铁水、制备建筑材料、制备高附加值材料。磁化焙烧-磁选法用于生产铁精矿,具有能耗低、工艺简单的优势,但尾渣资源化难题尚未彻底解决;还原熔炼法生产铁水操作性强、铁硫回收率高,但能耗较高,经济性受铁矿石价格波动的影响;浸出渣制备建筑材料工艺简单,适合大规模生产,但受浸出渣成分和性质的限制,仍处于试验研究阶段;浸出渣制备电池材料资源利用率高,产品附加值显著,但存在工艺流程长、酸碱耗量大,设备要求高等问题。最后,本文对未来浸出渣资源化回收利用提出建议:拓宽综合利用途径,与其他工业废弃物协同处理,实现以废治废;加强技术耦合创新,提高综合利用率;开发新技术、新试剂和新设备,推动浸出渣高值化利用。
After the high-pressure acid leaching process for extracting nickel and cobalt from laterite nickel ore,a large amount of waste residue is produced,which contains valuable elements such as iron,nickel,cobalt,manganese,chromium,and rare earths.Among them,iron is a dominant resource,with a content of 40%to 60%,primarily existing in the form of hematite.However,this residue is characterized by fine particle size,complex mineral distribution relationships,and high sulfur content,making it extremely difficult to process.Currently,the main disposal method for leaching residue of laterite nickel ore is tailings pond storage,which not only incurs high construction costs but also wastes resources and poses significant risks of dam failure.Research on treatment methods for this residue primarily focuses on producing iron concentrate,molten iron,construction materials,and high-value-added materials.The magnetization roasting-magnetic separation method for producing iron concentrate offers advantages such as low energy consumption and simple processing,but the challenge of comprehensive tailings utilization remains unresolved.The reduction smelting method for producing molten iron is highly operable and achieves high recovery rates for iron and sulfur,but it suffers from high energy consumption,and its economic viability fluctuates with iron ore prices.The preparation of construction materials from leaching residue is simple and suitable for large-scale production,but it remains at the experimental research stage due to limitations imposed by the residue爷s composition and properties.The production of battery materials from leaching residue offers high resource utilization and significant product value,but it involves lengthy processes,high acid/alkali consumption,and high equipment requirements.Finally,this paper puts forward suggestions for future resource recovery and utilization of leaching residue:broaden comprehensive utilization pathways by co-processing with other industrial waste to achieve waste treatment with waste;strengthen technological coupling and innovation to improve overall utilization efficiency;and develop new technologies,reagents,and equipment to promote high-value utilization of leaching residue.
作者
徐郭莉
徐小锋
李冲
李广建
李树超
霍芊羽
XU Guoli;XU Xiaofeng;LI Chong;LI Guangjian;LI Shuchao;HUO Qianyu(China ENFI Engineering Corporation,Beijing 100038,China)
出处
《中国有色冶金》
北大核心
2025年第4期1-10,共10页
China Nonferrous Metallurgy
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目“含硫铁渣钙/铁分离与高品位铁精粉制备技术与装备”(2021YFC2902504)。
关键词
红土镍矿浸出渣
资源化利用
赤铁矿
铁回收
建筑材料
电池材料
高值化利用
协同处理
laterite nickel ore leaching residue
resource utilization
hematite
iron recovery
construction materials
battery materials
high value utilization
cooperative processing
