摘要
青藏高原气候恶劣,构造活动强烈,地质条件复杂多变,传统勘察手段存在劳动强度高、效率低等不足,单一数据源遥感解译亦存在易受云雾遮挡、信息获取不全的缺陷,如何快速高精度地查明控制线路走向的各类地质因素成为亟待解决的重大问题。以青藏高原某铁路工程为研究对象,基于遥感和地形数据构建三维地质沙盘,根据工程廊道内地质灾害发育特征建立解译标志,利用三维遥感判释、多时相对比,以及时序InSAR监测等技术手段,开展断裂构造和地质灾害的勘察研究。结果表明,多源遥感解译方法可以综合获取目标的几何形态、色调纹理及定量形变等多维度信息,显著提升勘察效率,共识别构造线300余条,并建立典型构造解译标志库;查明表生地质灾害200余处,其中溜砂坡、热融湖、荒漠化3类高原特殊灾害占比30.5%,形变速率介于21.04~39.48 mm/a,形变活动性在夏季较强,其余时段相对稳定,研究成果可以为类似区域内铁路工程地质勘察提供借鉴。
The climate on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is harsh,with strong tectonic activity and complex and variable geological conditions.Traditional survey methods suffer from high labor intensity and low efficiency.Remote sensing interpretation from a single data source also suffers from cloud cover and incomplete information acquisition.The way to quickly and accurately identify various geological factors that control the route direction has become a major problem that urgently needs to be solved.In this regard,this paper selected a railway project on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau as the research object,constructed a three-dimensional geological sand table based on remote sensing and terrain data,established interpretation markers according to the development characteristics of geological hazards in the engineering corridor,and used three-dimensional remote sensing interpretation,multi temporal comparison,and time-series InSAR monitoring technology to carry out exploration and research on fault structures and geological hazards.The results show that,the multi-source remote sensing interpretation method comprehensively obtained multi-dimensional information such as the geometric shape,color tone texture,and quantitative deformation of the target,which significantly improved the exploration efficiency.More than 300 structural lines were identified,and a typical structural interpretation marker library was established.More than 200 surface geological hazards were identified,among which the proportion of special high-altitude disasters such as sand slide slopes,hot melt lakes,and desertification was about 30.5%.The deformation rate ranged from 21.04 to 39.48 mm/a,and the deformation activity was strong in summer while relatively stable in other periods.The research results can provide reference for similar regional engineering geological surveys.
作者
张璇钰
ZHANG Xuanyu(China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300308,China)
出处
《铁道勘察》
2025年第4期75-82,共8页
Railway Investigation and Surveying
基金
中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究计划重大课题(K2023G032)
中国铁路设计集团有限公司科技开发计划重点课题(2023A0226408)。
关键词
高原铁路
多源遥感
地质勘察
断裂构造
溜砂坡
热融湖
荒漠化
plateau railway
multi-source remote sensing
geological survey
fault structure
sand slide slope
hot melt lake
desertification
