摘要
利用实景三维技术对历史信息丰富的铁路站房进行数字化记录是铁路遗产保护和延续的重要工作,但易受到设备便携性和成本的限制而难以实施,从而导致珍贵的历史信息在站房改造或废弃的过程中灭失。使用搭载激光雷达的iPhone 15 Pro和折叠型无人机DJI Mavic 2 Pro或DJI Mini 4 Pro,对滇越铁路沿线的乡会桥车站与越池站两处站房遗产建筑进行外业数据快速采集,并通过优化内业后处理工作将二类设备的数据进行融合,以无人机图像数据作为全局空间坐标系参考,得到具有实际档案价值和应用意义的一体化室内外实景三维模型。研究表明,通过几何精度和纹理质量检验,两个站房重建模型的相对误差均方根值都<4%,达到厘米级精度;优化前后室内部分点云模型离散程度均控制在1 cm内,符合高斯分布,处于稳定状态;两个站房模型成果的室内外空间重建完整、对位准确,纹理贴图过渡自然。
The heritage of railway stations has been shaped by historical changes and cultural integration in the context of railway transport.However,with the developments,many stations have undergone a process of gradual transformation or even abandonment.Using the 3D reconstruction of these stations can be effectively protected and monitored.Nevertheless,the financial outlay required for mapping work and the portability of equipment represent significant constraints on this kind of work.A methodology for the indoor and outdoor 3D reconstruction of station heritage utilizing iPhone 15 Pro and drone DJI Mavic 2 Pro or DJI Mini 4 Pro was proposed.The two station heritage sites along the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway were used as case studies to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.The external mapping of the station heritage buildings was conducted using IOS-LiDAR devices and folding drones,resulting in the generation of 3D models of the buildings in a relatively short period of time.The optimized post-processing work enabled the creation of comprehensive indoor and outdoor 3D reconstruction models of the heritage sites.Inspection of the geometric accuracy and texture quality revealed that the root mean square value of the relative error for both reconstruction models is less than 4%,reaching the centimeter-level accuracy.Furthermore,the dispersion of the indoor component of the point cloud model is confined to a maximum of 1 cm,and the distribution conforms to the Gaussian distribution,which is in a stable state.The indoor and outdoor spatial reconstruction of the two building models is complete and accurately aligned with a natural transition of the texture mapping.
作者
张楠
蓝锡坚
赵逵
ZHANG Nan;LAN Xijian;ZHAO Kui(School of Architecture,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《铁道勘察》
2025年第4期1-8,共8页
Railway Investigation and Surveying
