摘要
目的 分析龙泉市鼠疫监测数据,明确当地鼠类种群密度与鼠疫耶尔森菌的分布状况。方法 收集整理2014—2023年龙泉市鼠疫监测资料,采用描述流行病学统计方法,分析鼠疫相关动物、媒介生物和鼠疫耶尔森菌的分布特征。采用χ^(2)检验比较鼠密度差异,Cochran Armitage趋势检验评估鼠密度的时间趋势。结果 2014—2023年共捕鼠2 034只,总鼠密度为3.20%;室内鼠密度为1.64%,不同年份间呈下降趋势(Z=4.636,P<0.001),主要鼠类褐家鼠密度变化无统计学差异(Z=-1.559,P=0.119)、小家鼠和黄胸鼠呈下降趋势(Z=9.479,P<0.001;Z=9.217,P<0.001);室外鼠密度5.67%,不同年份间呈下降趋势(Z=2.961,P=0.030),主要鼠类黑线姬鼠呈下降趋势(Z=2.769,P=0.006),黄毛鼠和东方田鼠密度变化无统计学差异(Z=1.664,P=0.096;Z=0.904,P=0.366)。3—11月室内鼠密度呈双峰分布,室外呈单峰分布,不同鼠类季节消长趋势呈现不同的特征。共检出蚤19匹,蚤指数0.01,染蚤率0.79%。检测2 034份血清,鼠疫菌F1抗体均为阴性;分离培养2 053份样品,未检出鼠疫耶尔森菌。结论 龙泉市动物间鼠疫疫情处于静息期,但鼠疫流行的风险依然存在,仍需加强鼠疫监测,做好防鼠灭鼠宣传。
Objective To analyze the plague surveillance data in Longquan and clarify the local rodent population density and distribution of Yersinia pestis.Methods Surveillance data on plague from 2014 to 2023 were collected,and the distribution characteristics of plague related animals,vectors and Y.pestis were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological statistical methods.Chi-square test was used to compare differences in rodent density among different years,and Cochran Armitage trend test was employed to assess time trends in rodent density.Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 2034 rodents were captured,with an overall rodent density of 3.20%.Among them,the indoor rodent density was 1.64%,showing a significant downward trend(Z=4.636,P<0.001)in these years.The rodent density of main species,Rattus norvegicus,showed no statistical differences in different years(Z=-1.559,P=0.119),while Mus musculus and R.tanezumi exhibited decreasing trends(Z=9.479,P<0.001;Z=9.217,P<0.001).Outdoor rodent density was 5.67%,also demonstrating a downward trend(Z=2.961,P=0.030).Apodemus agrarius,the main outdoor species,showed a decreasing trend(Z=2.769,P=0.006),whereas the density of R.losea and Microtus fortis showed no statistical differences in different years(Z=1.664,P=0.096;Z=0.904,P=0.366).Indoor rodent density exhibited a bimodal distribution from March to November,while outdoor rodent density showed a unimodal distribution.Different rodent species displayed varying seasonal fluctuation patterns.Additionally,19 fleas were detected,with a flea index of 0.01 and a flea infestation rate of 0.79%.Testing of 2034 serum samples revealed no positive results for F1 antibody against Y.pestis.Furthermore,no Y.pestis was detected after isolating and culturing 2053 samples.Conclusion The plague epidemic among animals in Longquan is currently in a quiescent phase,but the risk of plague outbreaks still exists.Therefore,it remains necessary to strengthen plague surveillance and promote rodent control measures.
作者
田智
洪浩
李文豪
季锌兴
王俊虎
乔孟领
贾德胜
TIAN Zhi;HONG Hao;LI Wenhao;JI Xinxing;WANG Junhu;QIAO Mengling;JIA Desheng(Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210002,China;Longquan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Longquan,Zhejiang 323700,China)
出处
《中华卫生杀虫药械》
2025年第4期422-426,共5页
Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments
基金
东部战区疾病预防控制中心自主科研项目(2023YQFH07)。
关键词
鼠疫疫情
鼠密度
鼠源性疾病
监测
plague epidemic
rodent density
rodent-borne disease
surveillance
