摘要
The research and development of neodymium iron boron(NdFeB)permanent magnets saw breakthroughs in China in 1984.The success of the technology of using low-purity Nd not only helped Chinese-made NdFeB permanent magnets reach a high cost-performance ratio,but also shaped China’s rare-earth industry for decades.This article emphatically investigates the important role played by a number of transnational factors since the 1970s in the development of the NdFeB technology in China,including the exploitation of rare earth mines in China,the introduction of the physics of amorphous solids into the country,Sino-French scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation,the plans to build BEPC and the subsequent BSRF in the field of high energy physics in Beijing,and the development of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometers in the United States.As China has participated more actively in the globalization of contemporary sciences since the 1970s,the quick development of physics of amorphous solids and NdFeB magnets serves as a representative case study for how the development of new industries has been boosted by advancements in contemporary physics in China.
1984年中国钕铁硼(NdFeB)永磁材料的研发取得突破。低纯钕技术的成功,促使中国制造的钕铁硼永磁体具备高性价比的优势,也影响了此后数十年中国稀土与相关产业的发展。论文着重考察了自20世纪70年代以来,中国稀土矿开发、非晶态物理学引入、中法科技交流与合作、北京的高能物理计划、美国阿尔法磁谱仪的研制等跨国因素,在中国钕铁硼技术发展中扮演的重要角色。20世纪70年代之后,中国比以往更主动地参与到现代科学全球化的进程之中。非晶态物理学与钕铁硼材料的兴起是理解中国现代物理学促进新产业发展的一个典型案例。
