摘要
水利工程混凝土结构在施工和长期使用过程中,由于材料收缩、地基沉降、水分变化及温度应力等多因素共同影响,容易形成危害结构安全的裂缝问题。研究发现:体积收缩裂缝主要由胶凝材料水化反应与水分蒸发的共同作用产生;结构沉降裂缝往往由地基承载力不均或模板支撑刚度不足引起;表面干缩裂缝与养护不到位造成的水分分布差异直接相关;而温度裂缝则是混凝土内外温差导致的热胀冷缩所致。针对这些形成机理,在工程实践中,需从材料配比、施工工艺和养护管理等方面制定综合防控方案:优化混凝土配合比参数以减少收缩变形,采用分层浇筑结合实时温度监测技术,同时加强保湿养护以改善表层质量。通过实施这些针对性技术措施,能够显著提高混凝土结构耐久性,确保水利设施长期稳定运行。
In the construction and long-term use of concrete structures in water conservancy projects,due to the combined influence of multiple factors such as material shrinkage,foundation settlement,moisture changes and temperature stress,cracks that endanger the structural safety are prone to form.Specific analysis shows that:volume shrinkage cracks are mainly caused by the combined effect of hydration reaction of cementitious materials and moisture evaporation;structural settlement cracks are often caused by uneven foundation bearing capacity or insufficient rigidity of formwork support;surface drying shrinkage cracks are directly related to the moisture distribution difference caused by inadequate maintenance;and temperature cracks are caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of concrete.In view of these formation mechanisms,in engineering practice,it is necessary to formulate comprehensive prevention and control plans from aspects such as material proportioning,construction technology and maintenance management:optimize concrete mix proportion parameters to reduce shrinkage deformation,adopt layered pouring combined with real-time temperature monitoring technology,and strengthen moisture conservation to improve the surface quality.By implementing these targeted technical measures,the durability of concrete structures can be significantly improved,ensuring the long-term stable operation of water conservancy facilities.
作者
贺关清
He Guanqing(Shaanxi Yanyue Water Conservancy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710000)
出处
《现代工程科技》
2025年第13期157-160,共4页
Modern Engineering Technology
关键词
水利工程
混凝土
裂缝产生原因
防治措施
water conservancy projects
concrete
causes of cracks
prevention measures
