摘要
红壤区是中国南方典型的生态脆弱区,土壤酸化(p H4.5~5.5)、铝毒性胁迫(交换性Al^(3+)> 2.5 cmol/kg)和低有机质(<2%)对植被恢复构成重大挑战。以云南省宣威至会泽高速公路(K96.647km)为研究对象,结合遥感解译、抽样调查和文献分析,系统探讨了红壤地区高速公路建设对植被覆盖率、物种多样性和群落结构的影响。结果表明:(1)施工扰动导致植被覆盖率从85.3%±4.2%突然下降到12.6%±3.8%,经过一年的恢复,仅恢复到45.2%±6.1%,明显低于黄土地区类似工程65%的恢复水平。(2)物种多样性的Shannon-Wiener指数从2.76±0.15下降到0.88±0.07,废弃垃圾场的恢复率(0.32%/a)低于自然演替的30%。基于红壤地区特殊的栖息地限制,提出了“表土剥离–阶梯式种植–生态护坡”的三合一技术体系,其中三维网状植草护坡技术使植被覆盖率提高了53%,侵蚀减少了69%。该研究为红壤地区交通工程植被保护提供了科学依据。
Red soil areas are typical ecologically fragile regions in southern China.Soil acidification(pH 4.5–5.5),aluminum toxicity stress(exchangeable Al^(3+)>2.5 cmol/kg),and low organic matter content(<2%)pose significant challenges to vegetation restoration.This study takes the Xuanwei-Huize Expressway(K96.647km)in Yunnan Province as the research object,and systematically explores the impact of expressway construction in red soil areas on vegetation coverage,species diversity,and community structure through remote sensing interpretation,sampling surveys,and literature analysis.The results show that:①Construction disturbance caused the vegetation coverage to drop sharply from 85.3%±4.2%to 12.6%±3.8%,and after one year of restoration,it only recovered to 45.2%±6.1%,which is significantly lower than the 65%recovery level of similar projects in the loess area;②The Shannon-Wiener index of species diversity decreased from 2.76±0.15 to 0.88±0.07,and the recovery rate of abandoned landfills(0.32%/a)was lower than 30%of natural succession.Based on the special habitat constraints in red soil areas,a three-in-one technical system of"topsoil stripping–stepwise planting–ecological slope protection"is proposed.Among them,the three-dimensional network grass-planting slope protection technology increased vegetation coverage by 53%and reduced erosion by 69%.This study provides a scientific basis for vegetation protection in transportation projects in red soil areas.
作者
赵懂
施中和
杨巧娟
殷小锋
甄晓云
张伟
Zhao Dong;Shi Zhonghe;Yang Qiaojuan;Yin Xiaofeng;Zhen Xiaoyun(Yunnan Communications Investment Ecological Environment Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650000;Yunnan Lilu Environmental Construction Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650041)
出处
《现代工程科技》
2025年第13期117-120,共4页
Modern Engineering Technology
关键词
红壤区
高速公路建设
植被恢复
生态护坡
水土流失
red soil area
expressway construction
vegetation restoration
ecological slope protection
soil erosion
