摘要
【目的】针对核电厂低品位余热直接排放造成的海洋热污染问题,亟需探索高效解决方案以降低排海热负荷。为此,对不同类型余热源特性及其发电潜力进行了系统评估,为核电厂余热利用提供热经济性数据依据。【方法】总结了核电厂中各类低品位余热的特点,并分析了余热的不同利用方式及其发展现状;介绍了3种适用于该余热的发电技术,并结合实际案例对比分析了不同发电技术的热经济性能及不同余热源的回收潜力。【结果】核电厂二回路凝结饱和水的能质系数最高,发电利用潜力最大。此外,有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)是热经济性能最佳的余热发电方案,其平准化度电成本最低,为0.0376美元/(kW·h),相对于喷射式有机闪蒸循环和卡琳娜循环分别降低了84%和78%;ORC发电功率为462.2 kW,具有较好的可行性;在回收低压缸乏汽余热场景下,ORC的可减排热负荷为360.3 MW,环保效益显著。【结论】ORC等余热发电技术可大幅降低排海热负荷,为我国核电厂的低品位余热利用与降低排海热负荷提供重要参考。
[Objectives]To address the issue of marine thermal pollution caused by the direct discharge of low-grade waste heat from nuclear power plants,it is imperative to explore efficient solutions to reduce thermal discharge loads.Therefore,by the characteristics of different types of waste heat sources and their potential of power generation are systematically evaluating to provide thermo-economic data basis for waste heat utilization in nuclear power plants.[Methods]The characteristics of different types of low-grade waste heat in nuclear power plants are summarized,and different utilization methods of waste heat and their current development status are analyzed.Three types of power generation technologies suitable for this waste heat are introduced,and their thermo-economic performance and the recovery potential of different waste heat sources are comparatively analyzed through actual case studies.[Results]The energy quality coefficient of the secondary loop condensate saturated water in nuclear power plants is the highest,showing the greatest potential for power generation utilization.Moreover,the organic Rankine cycle(ORC)demonstrates optimal thermoeconomic performance as a waste heat power generation solution,achieving the lowest levelized cost of electricity at$0.0376/(kW⋅h),which is 84%and 78%lower than that of the ejector organic flash cycle and the Kalina cycle,respectively.ORC achieves a generation capacity of 462.2 kW,demonstrating good feasibility.In the scenario of recovering waste heat from the low-pressure turbine exhaust,the ORC can reduce thermal discharge by 360.3 MW,showing significant environmental benefits.[Conclusions]Waste heat power generation technologies such as the ORC can significantly reduce thermal discharge loads into the sea,providing important references for low-grade waste heat utilization and thermal pollution reduction in China’s nuclear power plants.
作者
赵雅卓
张文杰
廖颖慧
林晋磊
张荣勇
段远源
ZHAO Yazhuo;ZHANG Wenjie;LIAO Yinghui;LIN Jinlei;ZHANG Rongyong;DUAN Yuanyuan(China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Haidian District,Beijing 100037,China;Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education(Tsinghua University),Haidian District,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Key Laboratory for CO_(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology(Tsinghua University),Haidian District,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《发电技术》
2025年第4期818-828,共11页
Power Generation Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52106017)
中国核电工程有限公司自主立项科研项目(KY23076)。
