摘要
秦始皇称帝后以及秦二世即位之初,确曾有缓刑宽赋的举措,意在与黔首更始、除旧布新,以使万民戴主。秦二世因接班人问题,面临主少国疑、大臣未附、百姓不信的压力,于是采纳赵高建议,诛大臣,远骨肉,行督责之术,不但使本已出现的转机戛然而止,而且急转直下,造成秦末出现内外交困局面,是导致秦速亡的直接诱因。亡秦之鉴成为汉初统治者的参照,刘邦君臣对废储问题的妥善处理,不仅确保了汉初政局的稳定,而且为后世储君制度的形成和完善奠定了重要基础。然而,封建时代“为政在人”,良法最终要靠人来掌握和执行,汉代以后,虽然建立了复杂的储君制度,但仍有像晋惠帝、隋炀帝这样的君主,其根源就在于“家天下”的传位体系。治国之要,难在选人用人,孟子将“为天下得人者”冠之以“仁”,足见选人用人在中国传统社会的巨大分量。
After ascending the throne as emperor and during the early reign of the Second Emperor of the Qin,there were indeed measures such as"mitigating punishments and reducing tax burdens"designed to renew governance and gain popular support.However,following the Second Emperor's succession,facing challenges including a young ruler's questionable authority,unaligned ministers,and public distrust,he adopted Zhao Gao's advice to eliminate senior officials,alienated royal kin,and implemented oppressive surveillance.These actions not only abruptly halted emerging political reforms but precipitated a crisis of internal and external conflicts that directly accelerated the Qin Dynasty's rapid collapse.The lessons of the Qin's downfall became a critical reference for the early Han rulers.Liu Bang and his ministers'prudent handling of succession issues not only ensured political stability during the Han's formative period but also established crucial institutional foundations for the development and refinement of imperial heir systems in the subsequent dynasties.
出处
《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期90-101,255,共13页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“出土律令与秦代官吏管理制度研究”(21CZS014)
“中国社会科学院卜宪群学部委员工作室”资助。
