摘要
清末民初,英国是对华铁路资本输出和技术输出的主导者,也是通过以铁路让与权为基础的铁路外债推进技术控制的典型。美国虽有铁路技术与设备供应优势,但对华铁路投资因缺乏势力范围及其他列强打压,屡遭挫折。随着列强侵华势力格局变动和中国反帝爱国运动发展,铁路资本与技术输出的联动机制发生变化。自抗战后期,美国以出口信贷为对华输出铁路设备的重要载体,推行多元化的资本与技术联动,扩大铁路技术控制。列强的铁路技术控制始终服务于其在华利益,是近代中国铁路半殖民地化的典型体现。
During the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China,the United Kingdom was the dominant player in the export of capital and technology to China's railway sector,serving as a typical example of how imperialist powers advanced technological control through foreign railway loans which were firmly anchored in railway concessions.While the United States held advantages in railway technology and equipment supply,its investments in Chinese railways were Ma Linghe(117)repeatedly frustrated by the absence of a defined sphere of influence and obstruction from other imperialist powers.As the geopolitical dynamics of imperialist powers in China shifted and the anti-imperialist(patriotic)movements gained momentum,the linkage mechanism between the export of railway capital and the transfer of technology underwent significant transformation.From the later stages of the Chinese people's war of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the United States strategically leveraged export credits as a key vehicle to export railway equipment to China,thereby pursuing a multifaceted integration of capital and technology to expand its technological dominance in China's railways.The technological control of imperialist powers over China's railways consistently served their strategic interests in the country,epitomizing the semi-colonial nature of modern Chinese railway.
出处
《历史研究》
北大核心
2025年第5期117-139,M0005,M0006,共25页
Historical Research
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中国近代铁路投资中外档案资料整理、研究和数据库建设”(21&ZD230)阶段性成果。
