摘要
矢量涡旋光束具有各向异性的空间偏振分布和螺旋相位分布,且携带与相位分布有关的轨道角动量。分析了不同偏振阶数与相位拓扑荷下矢量涡旋光束的光强和相位分布,以及光强和相位与光束偏振阶数和相位拓扑荷值的关系,探究了椭圆率角和方位角变化对矢量涡旋光束偏振态的影响,并通过结合不同椭圆率角下的场分布曲线分析了矢量涡旋光束的偏振态。开展了矢量涡旋光束的双缝干涉仿真实验,通过计算光束经过单缝和直角三角形孔的衍射特性,研究了干涉条纹和衍射图形态与矢量涡旋光束的拓扑荷值和偏振阶数之间的关系。结果表明,偏振阶数和相位拓扑荷值共同决定了矢量涡旋光束的光强与相位分布。在不同偏振条件下,矢量涡旋光束在传输过程中仍能保持相对稳定的涡旋相位分布。然而,椭圆率角的改变会引起偏振态分布的差异。根据干涉后条纹分布的规律性变化,可以判断矢量涡旋光束的偏振阶数和相位拓扑荷值。当矢量涡旋光束经过直角三角形孔光阑发生衍射时,仅当偏振阶数互为相反数时,衍射光斑才会发生与偏振阶数大小相关的相位移动。
Objective Vector vortex beams(VVBs),as a new type of structured light with anisotropic spatial polarization and phase,carry orbital angular momentum related to the phase distribution and possess potential application values in fields such as optical manipulation,highresolution imaging,and optical information transmission.Currently,there are scarce studies on the correlation between the polarization and phase topological charges of VVBs.Additionally,in contrast to scalar vortex beams,research on the interference and diffraction measurement of the orbital angular momentum of VVBs is relatively rare.This paper explores the correlation between the polarization and phase topological charges of VVBs,realizes the determination of topological charges through polarization methods,and investigates the interference and diffraction measurement approaches of the orbital angular momentum of VVBs,which is anticipated to broaden the thinking for the measurement and application of the orbital angular momentum of VVBs.Methods Based on the field distribution characteristics of VVBs with different polarization orders and phase topological charges,this paper studies the correlation issue between the polarization order and phase topological charge values of VVBs and analyzes the influence of changes in the azimuthal angle and ellipticity angle on the polarization state and orbital angular momentum of VVBs.The orbital angular momentum measurement method of VVBs is analyzed by exploiting the characteristics of doubleslit interference fringes,and the diffraction effects of VVBs with different aperture diaphragms are simulated and calculated.By comparing the diffraction spot shapes of different apertures,parameters including the phase topological charge and polarization order are derived,and the orbital angular momentum measurement method of VVBs is studied.Results and Discussions The innovative results of this paper are as follows:1)According to the intensity and phase distributions of VVBs with different polarization orders and phase topological charges,the relationship of the light intensity and phase with the polarization order and phase topological charge values is analyzed.It is discovered that the phase topological charge and polarization order of VVBs respectively affect the sizes of the phase singularity and polarization singularity of the beams.The numbers of peripheral and central bifurcations of the beam phase distribution correspond to the polarization order and phase topological charge(Figs.1‒3).The ellipticity angle and azimuthal angle in the polarization matrix term of the vector vortex field have an impact on the polarization distribution of the field,the ellipticity angle affects the distribution range of light intensity,and the azimuthal angle causes a related rotation in the distribution direction of polarization state(Figs.4‒7).2)A doubleslit interference simulation experiment of VVBs is carried out.It is found that when the polarization order and the absolute value of the phase topological charge are equal,the central dark core disappears.When the phase topological charge is l,the width of the interference fringe distortion is l stripe,and the direction of the interference fringe distortion is also related to the phase topological charge.When the phase topological charge is positive,the fringes twist to the right,and when the phase topological charge is negative,the fringes twist to the left.Moreover,the doubleslit interference of VVBs with different polarization orders changes the size of the polarization singularity(Fig.8).3)Through the diffraction calculation of VVBs after passing through single slit,rightangle triangular aperture,etc.,the relationship of the diffraction pattern morphology with the phase topological charge value and polarization order of VVBs is compared and analyzed.It is found that when the polarization orders and phase topological charges of VVBs after passing through rightangle triangular hole diaphragms are simultaneously opposite numbers,the diffraction spot undergoes a phase shift related to the absolute value of the polarization order(Figs.9‒14).Conclusions The research findings indicate that the polarization order and the phase topological charge value jointly determine the intensity and phase distributions of VVBs.During the transmission process of VVBs under different polarization conditions,the vortex phase distribution remains relatively stable,and the alteration of the ellipticity angle leads to the difference in the polarization state distribution.Based on the regular changes in the fringe distribution after interference,the polarization order and the phase topological charge value of VVBs can be determined.When the VVBs pass through the rightangle triangular aperture diaphragm,the diffraction spot undergoes a phase shift related to the absolute value of the polarization order only when the polarization orders are opposite to each other,which suggests that singleslit diffraction is more conducive to the determination of the polarization order value,while rightangle triangular aperture diffraction is more effective for the determination of the phase topological charge.
作者
吕宏
刘艺柯
景姣
张尘
王鲲鹏
邵睿康
LüHong;Liu Yike;Jing Jiao;Zhang Chen;Wang Kunpeng;Shao Ruikang(School of Optoelectronic Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710021,Shaanxi,China;Dongguan Yutong Optical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Dongguan 523863,Guangdong,China)
出处
《中国激光》
北大核心
2025年第11期183-194,共12页
Chinese Journal of Lasers
基金
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBMS-536)。
关键词
矢量涡旋光束
偏振
相位拓扑荷
轨道角动量
测量
vector vortex beam
polarization
phase topological charge
orbital angular momentum
measurement
