摘要
广义的“吏”可指官僚机构中任职的各级行政人员,并非低级官员的特指。秦汉时期的吏员群体仅在职事上有所分别,吏员群体在有了权力、秩级方面的分层后,逐渐形成了地位差别,有了“长”“少”和“大”“小”之分。判定在署吏员是否为“属吏”的标准应主要参考其统属关系和职能、秩级和选任权,依此可以将“属吏”群体分为两类:一是在职能机关内主管具体事务的“高级属吏”,他们受长官的直接统属,供职于稗官,秩级在百石至三百石之间;二是在各个机关内承担处理具体事务的办事人员,即“低级属吏”,他们受长官和稗官的直接统属,秩级在百石至二百石之间。
In a broad sense,the term Li,or officials,can refer to administrative personnel at all levels in the bureaucratic system,not specifically just low-ranking officials.During the Qin and Han dynasties,the official class was differentiated primarily by their official duties.Once there was a stratification in power and rank among officials,distinctions in status began to emerge,leading to differences characterized as"senior"and"junior,"as well as"large"-high-ranking,and"small"-low-ranking.The criterion for determining whether an official is classified as a"subordinate official"should mainly reference their hierarchical relationships and functions,and rank and selection authority.Accordingly,the"subordinate officials"can be divided into two categories:"High-ranking subordinate officials,"who are in charge of specific administrative affairs within functional departments,and"Low-ranking subordinate officials,"who are clerks responsible for handling routine tasks within various departments.The former are directly subordinated to the chief of their respective departments,serving in auxiliary offices and holding ranks ranging from 100 to 300 shi,(a unit of measure for official rank),while the latter are directly subordinate to both senior officials and auxiliary officers,with ranks between 100 to 200 shi.
作者
朱雨薇
ZHU Yuwei(School of History and Culture,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130022,China)
出处
《唐都学刊》
2025年第3期34-39,共6页
Tangdu Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“新出简牍与秦汉功劳制度研究”(项目批号23BZS018)的阶段性成果。
关键词
属吏
吏员
佐官
稗官
officials
auxiliary officials
minor officials
subordinate officials
