摘要
文章综述了高层建筑管道井火灾防范与扑救的国内外研究现状,重点探讨了火灾防范技术、火灾扑救技术及应急响应策略。在防范技术方面,研究了防火材料与设计的优化,如耐火水泥、防火涂料等新型材料的应用,以及PVC管道防火措施的改进。同时,分析了通风与排烟系统的效能提升策略,包括通风热阻力的计算与实验研究,以及排烟与通风空调管道共井模式的消防对策。在火灾监测与报警系统方面,探讨了多传感器融合技术及基于图像识别和人工智能的智能监测系统的发展。火灾扑救技术的研究涵盖了灭火剂和灭火系统的优化,如液态CO_(2)防灭火管路输送特性分析以及自吸式泡沫发生器的发泡机理与优化设计,同时借助火灾模拟与数值分析技术,如大涡模拟和计算流体动力学方法,对烟气运动和燃气泄漏扩散进行了深入研究。此外,文章还对应急响应与救援策略的设计与实施进行了全面分析,提出了基于智能化应急响应系统和科学救援策略框架的优化建议。
This article summarizes the current research status of fire prevention and suppression in high-rise building pipeline wells at home and abroad,focusing on fire prevention technology,fire suppression technology,and emergency response strategies.In terms of prevention technology,research has been conducted on the optimization of fire-resistant materials and designs,such as the application of new materials such as refractory cement and fire-resistant coatings,as well as the improvement of fire prevention measures for PVC pipelines.At the same time,the efficiency improvement strategies of ventilation and smoke exhaust systems were analyzed,including the calculation and experimental research of ventilation thermal resistance,as well as the fire protection measures of smoke exhaust and ventilation air conditioning duct co well mode.In terms of fire monitoring and alarm systems,the development of multi-sensor fusion technology and intelligent monitoring systems based on image recognition and artificial intelligence were discussed.The research on fire extinguishing technology covers the optimization of extinguishing agent and extinguishing system,such as the analysis of the transmission characteristics of liquid CO_(2)fire prevention and extinguishing pipeline and the foaming mechanism and optimal design of the self-priming foam generator.At the same time,with the help of fire simulation and numerical analysis technology,such as large eddy simulation and computational fluid dynamics,the smoke movement and gas leakage and diffusion were studied in depth.In addition,the article comprehensively analyzes the design and implementation of emergency response and rescue strategies,and proposes optimization suggestions based on intelligent emergency response systems and scientific rescue strategy frameworks.
作者
刘湘辉
LIU Xianghui(Dongguan Fire Rescue Detachment,Dongguan,Guangdong,523000,China)
关键词
高层建筑
管道井
火灾防范
火灾扑救
high-rise buildings
pipeline shaft
fire prevention
fire fighting
