摘要
玻璃通常是由熔体快速冷却抑制结晶而获得的,处于热力学亚稳态.因此,玻璃能否长时间维持稳定及其稳定性机制,一直是非晶态物理学中备受关注的研究课题.本文基于以往对金属玻璃、月球无机玻璃等多种类型玻璃的研究结果,首先阐述了玻璃亚稳性的起源及其稳定性的定义.随后,介绍了提高玻璃稳定性的多种方法,包括超稳薄膜玻璃和大块玻璃的制备技术.最后,深入分析了超稳金属玻璃和月球玻璃的长期稳定性,揭示了材料因素对玻璃稳定性的关键影响,为未来开发高稳定性玻璃提供了理论依据.玻璃稳定性研究的时间尺度横跨了从常规实验室时间到长达18年的自然时效,甚至扩展到百万至数亿年的地质学时间.对玻璃稳定性的深入理解,不仅有助于提升玻璃在实际应用中的可靠性,还为探索玻璃态物理中过冷液体与理想玻璃转变等基础科学问题提供了关键材料和重要启示.
Glass is typically formed by rapidly cooling a melt to suppress crystallization,resulting in a thermodynamically metastable state.Therefore,whether glass can maintain stability over extended periods and the mechanisms underlying its stability have long been key research topics in the field of amorphous physics.Based on previous studies of various types of glass,including metallic glass and lunar inorganic glass,this study first elucidates the origin of glass metastability and the definition of stability.Subsequently,various methods to enhance glass stability are introduced,including the fabrication techniques for ultrastable thin-film and bulk glasses.Finally,the long-term stability of ultrastable metallic glasses and lunar glasses is analyzed,revealing the key influence of material factors on glass stability,and providing theoretical support for the future design of high-stability glasses.The timescale of glass stability research ranges from conventional laboratory timeframes to natural aging over eighteen years,and even extends to geological timescales of millions to billions of years.A deeper understanding of glass stability not only helps improve the reliability of glass in practical applications,but also offers key materials and insights for exploring fundamental scientific questions such as supercooled liquids and ideal glass transition in glassy physics.
作者
赵勇
陈自强
张博
白海洋
汪卫华
ZHAO Yong;CHEN Ziqiang;ZHANG Bo;BAI Haiyang;WANG Weihua(Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory,Dongguan 523770,China;Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学》
北大核心
2025年第8期2-16,共15页
Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号:52325104,52101199,52271151)
国家重点研发计划(编号:2021YFA0716302)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(编号:2022A1515140115,2023A1515012598)
松山湖材料实验室松湖青年学者计划资助项目。
关键词
亚稳态玻璃
超稳玻璃
金属玻璃
月球玻璃
稳定性
metastable glass
ultrastable glass
metallic glass
lunar glass
stability
