摘要
为探究有机-无机改良物料配施对盐碱土的改良培肥效果,试验采用单因素拉丁方设计,设置CK(不施土壤改良物料)、PM(磷石膏22.5 t·hm^(-2)+腐熟羊粪15 t·hm^(-2)]、CM(过磷酸钙300 kg·hm^(-2)+腐熟羊粪15 t·hm^(-2))、PCM1(磷石膏22.5 t·hm^(-2)+过磷酸钙300 kg·hm^(-2)+腐熟羊粪15 t·hm^(-2))、PCM_(2)(磷石膏30.0 t·hm^(-2)+过磷酸钙600 kg·hm^(-2)+腐熟羊粪30.0 t·hm^(-2))、PCM_(3)(磷石膏30.0 t·hm^(-2)+过磷酸钙900 kg·hm^(-2)+腐熟羊粪30.0 t·hm^(-2))6个处理,研究了不同有机-无机改良物料配施对盐碱地土壤质量及湖南稷子产量的影响。结果表明,不同有机-无机物料配施均降低了土壤pH、全盐(TDS)、容重,提高了养分含量和>0.25 mm团聚体比例及稳定性,其中处理PCM_(2)和PCM_(3)效果较好;与CK相比,土壤pH、全盐和容重较对照分别降低了2.40%、27.33%、16.17%和1.83%、17.42%、12.94%,显著增加了0~40 cm土壤有机质(SOM)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量;平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、>0.25 mm团聚体含量(R0.25)较对照分别提高了131.43%、164.07%、97.22%和78.58%、81.68%、57.41%,出苗率和产量较对照分别提高了62.84%、50.07%和68.24%、47.76%。土壤团聚体稳定性与孔隙度、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾呈正相关关系,而与容重、pH、全盐量呈负相关关系。此外,PCM_(2)和PCM_(3)处理通过调理盐碱指标(pH,TDS)和肥力水平(AN、AP、AK和SOM)来提高土壤质量,而PCM_(2)处理在这两个方面的作用效果要优于PCM_(3)处理,因而获得了最高干草产量。综合各有机-无机物料配施对盐碱地的改良培肥效果,磷石膏(30.0 t·hm^(-2))+过磷酸钙(600 kg·hm^(-2))+腐熟羊粪(30.0 t·hm^(-2))处理较适合该区域。
The aim of this study was to investigate the abilities of organic-inorganic amendments to improve and fertilize saline-alkaline soils.An experiment was conducted using a one-way Latin square design with the following treatments:CK(no soil amendment materials),PM[phosphogypsum(22.5 t·ha^(−1))+well-decomposed goat manure(15 t·ha^(−1))],CM[calcium superphosphate(300 kg·ha^(−1))+well-decomposed goat manure(15 t·ha^(−1))],PCM1[phosphogypsum(22.5 t·ha^(−1))+calcium superphosphate(300 kg·ha^(−1))+well-decomposed goat manure(15 t·ha^(−1))],PCM_(2)[phosphogypsum(30.0 t·ha^(−1))+calcium superphosphate(600 kg·ha^(−1))+well-decomposed goat manure(30.0 t·ha^(−1))],and PCM_(3)[phosphogypsum(30.0 t·ha^(−1))+calcium superphosphate(900 kg·ha^(−1))+well-decomposed goat manure(30.0 t·ha^(−1))].These six treatments were designed to study the effects of varying ratios of organic-inorganic amendment materials on the soil quality and the yield of Echinochloa frumentacea grown in saline-alkaline soil.The results indicate that organic and inorganic materials at varying ratios decreased soil pH,total dissolved salt(TDS),and bulk density,and increased soil nutrient contents and the proportion and stability of aggregates larger than 0.25 mm.Among the treatments,PCM_(2) and PCM_(3) had better effective.The soil pH,total salt,and bulk density were decreased by 2.40%,27.33%,and 16.17%,respectively,in the PCM_(2) treatment,and by 1.83%,17.42%,and 12.94%,respectively,in the PCM_(3) treatment,compared with CK.The soil organic matter(SOM),alkaline nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium(AK)contents in the 0-40 cm soil layer were significantly increased in the PCM_(2) and PCM_(3) treatments compared with CK.The mean weight,diameter,geometric mean diameter,and aggregates content of particles larger than 0.25 mm were increased by 131.43%,164.07%,and 97.22%,respectively,in PCM_(2),and by 78.58%,81.68%,and 57.41%,respectively,in PCM_(3),compared with CK.Additionally,the seedling emergence rate and yield were improved by 62.84%and 50.07%,respectively,in PCM_(2),and by 68.24%and 47.76%,respectively,in PCM_(3),compared with CK.Soil aggregate stability was positively correlated with porosity,SOM,AN,AP,and AK,and negatively correlated with bulk density,pH,and total salts.In addition,the PCM_(2) and PCM_(3) treatments enhanced soil quality by improving salinity indicators(pH,TDS)and fertility levels(AN,AP,AK,and SOM).The PCM_(2) treatment was more effective than the PCM_(3) treatment in both respects,resulting in the highest hay yield.After evaluating the effects of various ratios of organic and inorganic materials on the enhancement and fertilization of saline-alkaline land,the treatment PCM_(2),comprising a combination of phosphogypsum(30.0 t·ha^(−1)),calcium superphosphate(600 kg·ha^(−1)),and decomposed goat manure(30.0 t·ha^(−1))was found to be the most suitable soil amendment for this region.
作者
张邦彦
谢小伟
张朝辉
武晋民
王彬
许兴
ZHANG Bang-yan;XIE Xiao-wei;ZHANG Zhao-hui;WU Jin-min;WANG Bin;XU Xing(College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)
出处
《草业学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期15-29,共15页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900600)资助。
关键词
盐碱土
有机-无机改良物料
团聚体
土壤质量
作物产量
saline soils
organic-inorganic modified materials
aggregates
soil quality
crop yield
