摘要
【目的】植被恢复是黄土高原生态建设的主要举措,水分是该地区植被恢复的主要限制因子。开展不同土地利用类型水分动态研究,旨在为流域综合治理中的植被恢复提供科学依据,优化土地利用和水资源管理策略。【方法】在2023年生长季(5—9月),以地处黄土残塬沟壑区的山西省吉县蔡家川流域5种典型土地利用类型:乔木林(刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia)、灌木林(黄刺玫Rosa xanthina)、草地(铁杆蒿Artemisia gmelinii)、果园(苹果Malus pumila)、农田(玉米Zea mays)为研究对象,对不同土层(0~10、10~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100、100~120、120~140、140~160、160~180 cm)土壤水分进行系统的定位监测。基于野外实测数据,分析不同土地利用类型及土层深度对土壤水分的影响。使用最优分割法划分不同土地利用类型土壤水分垂直层次。【结果】生长季内不同土地利用类型土壤水分与降水变化趋势一致。各土地利用类型不同深度土壤水分差异显著(P<0.05)。不同土地利用类型土壤水分从高到低依次为农田(21.06%)、灌木林(17.88%)、草地(15.17%)、果园(15.02%)、乔木林(13.29%)。土壤水分垂直变化表现出一定的层次性。将各土地利用类型土层水分垂直层次划分为强变异层、中等变异层以及弱变异层。草地和乔木林地的垂直层次一致,强变异层为0~10 cm土层,中等变异层为10~100 cm土层,弱变异层为100~180 cm土层。灌木林强变异层以及中等变异层为0~140 cm土层,深度范围大于其他土地利用类型。果园强变异层以及中等变异层为0~80 cm土层,深度范围低于其他土地利用类型。农田土壤水分垂直变异不同于其他土地利用类型,100~180 cm土层变异性最强,中等变异层为0~20 cm土层,弱变异层为20~100 cm土层。【结论】土壤水分动态受降水、土地利用类型以及工程措施综合影响。在开展植被恢复时,应重点关注不同土地利用类型土壤水分的动态变化特征。
[Objective]Vegetation restoration is a primary measure for ecological construction of the Loess Plateau,and water is a major limiting factor for vegetation recovery in this region.This study aims to conduct research on water dynamics of different land use types,provide a basis for vegetation restoration in comprehensive watershed management,and optimize land use and water resource management strategies.[Method]During the growing season of 2023(May to September),5 typical land use types in Caijiachuan watershed of Jixian County,Shanxi Province,located in gully regions of the Loess Plateau,were systematically monitored for soil moisture at different depths(0-10,10-20,20-40,40-60,60-80,80-100,100-120,120-140,140-160,160-180 cm),including woodland(Robinia pseudoacacia),shrubland(Rosa xanthina),grassland(Artemisia gmelinii),orchard(Malus Pumila),and farmland(Zea mays).Based on field measurement data,the impact of different land use types and soil depths on soil moisture were analyzed.The vertical layers of soil moisture for different land use types were divided by the optimal segmentation method.[Result]The variation trends of soil moisture and rainfall were consistent in different land use types during the growing season.There were significant differences in soil moisture at different depths among various land use types(P<0.05).The soil moisture content of different land use types from high to low was as follows:farmland(21.06%),shrubland(17.88%),grassland(15.17%),orchard(15.02%),and woodland(13.29%).The vertical variation of soil moisture exhibited a certain degree of hierarchy.The vertical layers of soil moisture in each land use type were divided into strong variation layer,moderate variation layer,and weak variation layer.The vertical layers of grassland and woodland were consistent,with a strong variation layer of 0-10 cm,a moderate variation layer of 10-100 cm,and a weak variation layer of 100-180 cm.The strong and moderate variation layers of shrubland ranged from 0 to 140 cm,with a depth range greater than that of other land use types.The strong and moderate variation layers in the orchard were between 0-80 cm,with a depth range lower than that of other land use types.Farmland showed distinct vertical stratification,with the strongest variation in the deep layer(100-180 cm),a moderate variation from 0 to 20 cm layer,and a weak variation from 20 to 100 cm layer.[Conclusion]Soil moisture dynamics are affected by rainfall,land use types and engineering measures.When carrying out vegetation restoration,special attention should be paid to the dynamic changes in soil moisture of different land use types.
作者
王丽平
赵炯昌
朱洪盛
池金洺
王子涵
于洋
WANG Liping;ZHAO Jiongchang;ZHU Hongsheng;CHI Jinming;WANG Zihan;YU Yang(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Beijing Forestry University,Jixian 042200,Shanxi,China)
出处
《浙江农林大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期784-792,共9页
Journal of Zhejiang A&F University
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42177310)。
关键词
土壤水分
土地利用类型
垂直分布
蔡家川流域
soil moisture
land use types
vertical distribution
Caijianchuan watershed
