摘要
水资源是维持生态平衡、保障生物多样性的重要因素,同时也是农业、工业和服务业发展的基础资源。采用低频强声波增雨技术利用丰富的空中水资源,增加区域降水量,对于缓解西部水资源短缺、降低干旱损失具有重要意义。文章介绍了低频强声波增雨技术利用空中水资源的原理,并以青海省海南藏族自治州试验为例,分析了其增雨效果、生态经济效益。结果表明,低频强声波增雨技术增雨效果明显,能够有效提高降水量,且成本相对较低、生态效益显著,具有良好的应用前景。在此基础上,进一步筛选了我国通过低频强声波增雨技术利用空中水资源的适宜部署区域,面积可达579.5万平方公里左右,理论上可以部署5.8万台设备。基于2000—2022年降水数据和已有实验参数,估算最大理论部署情景下,年增雨量可达8585.7亿立方米,有效蓄水量为858.6亿—1717.2亿立方米。如果在集中连片灌溉区优先部署1.4万台增雨设备,每年可增加农业灌溉用水664.2亿立方米,最大理论部署情景下每年可增加灌溉用水811.5亿立方米,节约灌溉成本405.8亿元;净碳汇量增量预计可达8.19亿吨CO₂当量,年碳汇经济效益显著。未来,随着技术的进一步发展和监测评估体系的完善,低频强声波增雨技术的规模化推广应用,可为我国水资源可持续管理利用、生态恢复和碳中和目标的实现提供支撑。
Water resources are important elements for maintaining ecological balance and ensuring biodiversity,which are also the basic resources for the development of agriculture,industry,and services.It is of great significance to alleviate the shortage of water resources and reduce drought losses in western China by using low-frequency and intense sonic rain enhancement technology to actively utilize abundant atmospheric water resources and increase regional precipitation.This study introduces the principle of low-frequency and intense sonic rain enhancement technology using acoustic cloud water resources,and analyzes its rain enhancement effect and ecological and economic benefits by taking the acoustic rain enhancement experiment in Hainan Prefecture of Qinghai Province as an example.The results show that the low-frequency and intense acoustic precipitation enhancement technology has obvious precipitation enhancement effect,which can effectively increase precipitation,and the cost is relatively low,the ecological benefit is significant,and it has promising application prospect.The suitable deployment area for the use of low-frequency and strong sound wave rain enhancement and acoustic water resources in China is further screened,with an area of about 5.795 million square kilometers and only 58,000 pieces of equipment in theory.Based on precipitation data from 2000 to 2022 and existing experimental parameters,it is estimated that the annual rainfall increase can reach 858.57 billion m3 and an effective water storage will be 85.86 billion to 171.72 billion m3 under the maximum theoretical deployment scenario.If 14,000 pieces of rainfall enhancement equipment are prioritized in concentrated contiguous irrigation areas,agricultural irrigation water can be increased by 66.42 billion m3 per year,and irrigation water can be increased by 81.15 billion m3 per year under the maximum theoretical deployment scenario,saving irrigation costs by 40.58 billion yuan.The increase in net carbon sink is expected to reach 819 million tons of CO_(2) equivalent,and the*Corresponding author maximum annual economic benefit of carbon sink can reach 41 billion to 81.9 billion yuan.In the future,with the further development of technology and the improvement of the monitoring and evaluation system,the large-scale promotion and application of low-frequency and intense sound wave rain enhancement can provide support for the sustainable management and utilization of water resources,ecological restoration and the realization of carbon neutrality goals in China.
作者
陈敏
李铁键
黄跃飞
陈国昕
CHEN Min;LI Tiejian;HUANG Yuefei;CHEN Guoxin(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Civil Engineering and Water Resources,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Water Ecology Remediation and Protection at Headwater Regions of Big Rivers,Ministry of Water Resources,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High-quality Development of the Upstream of Yellow River,Ministry of Water Resources,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《中国科学院院刊》
北大核心
2025年第7期1317-1328,共12页
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(52209029)
中国科学院学部咨询评议项目(2023-ZW-07-A-023)
黄河上游生态保护与高质量发展实验室开放基金资助项目(2025hhsy02)。
关键词
空中水资源利用
低频强声波增雨技术
青海省海南州
atmospheric water resources utilization
low-frequency and intense acoustic rain enhancement technology
Hainan Prefecture
Qinghai Province
