摘要
桂蕉10号是从巴西蕉的芽变单株经组织培养快繁和田间优选培育的香蕉新品种。桂蕉10号新植蕉假茎高大粗壮,平均高度284.56 cm,基围71.94 cm,中围52.53 cm,假茎底色为黄绿色,叶姿开张。果穗圆柱形,果穗长84.40 cm,果穗宽37.00 cm,穗柄长度为79.75 cm,穗柄粗度为18.70 cm。果梳排列整齐,平均单果质量149.75 g,平均果指长24.17 cm,果指宽3.51 cm。生果果皮颜色为绿色,熟果果皮黄色,熟果果肉黄白色。果实蔗糖含量(w,后同)6.20 g·100 g^(-1),可溶性糖含量20.87%,总酸含量0.19 g·100 g^(-1),淀粉含量3.90 g·100 g^(-1),维生素C含量12.50 mg·100 g^(-1),钾含量364.00 mg·100 g^(-1),可溶性固形物含量22.00%。新植蕉生育期为355~385 d,宿根蕉生育期为350~375 d,与亲本巴西蕉的生育期基本一致。常规种植条件下,新植一代蕉的平均单株产量为24.84 kg,折合每公顷平均产量为49355.32 kg,比亲本巴西蕉增产10.52%;宿根蕉的平均单株产量为27.40 kg,折合每公顷平均产量为54424.29 kg,比亲本巴西蕉增产8.23%。盆栽及大田抗枯萎病试验评价结果表明,在测试巴西蕉的抗性水平为高度感病的情况下,桂蕉10号的抗性水平为感病。适宜在广西、广东、云南、海南等香蕉产区推广种植。
Guijiao No.10(AAA Cavendish)is a new banana cultivar bred from a natural mutant of Brazilian banana through tissue culture and field selection.In 2010,a natural mutated individual of Brazilian banana with tall and thick pseudostems,long fruit stalk,and elongated fingers was identified in a Brazilian banana plantation in Sanya.Its suckers were excavated for tissue culture propagation,designated as TX.From 2011 to 2015,after repeated selection of healthy plants with tall pseudostems,long ear stems and fingers for bud suction,tissue culture and propagation,and field planting,the stable and excellent strain TX-23 was finally obtained.From 2016 to 2019,after multiple comparative planting experiments,the strain maintained stable biological characteristics.In 2019,the strain was named Guijiao No.10.In November 2022,Guijiao No.10 obtained the national plant variety rights(CNA20201007736).The average pseudostem height of Guijiao No.10 was 284.56 cm.and the average pseudostem base and middle circumferences were 71.94 cm and 52.53 cm,respectively.The pseudostems were tall and sturdy,with a yellowish-green bottom color.The leaves spread out openly,the male flower buds were oval in shape.The fruit bunch were cylindrical in shape.The fruit hands are neatly arranged.The fruit bunch length was about 84.40 cm,width was about 37.00 cm.The peduncle length was about 79.75 cm,peduncle girth was about 18.70 cm.The average fruit length was 24.17 cm,with an average width of 3.51 cm.The immature fruit peel colour was medium green,while the mature fruit peel colour was yellow,and the pulp colour at maturity was yellowish-white.The average finger mass is 149.75 g.In conventional cultivation conditions,the average yield per plant of the newly planted first-generation banana was 24.84 kg,with an average yield of 49355.32 kg·hm^(-2),representing a 10.52%increase compared to the parental Brazilian banana.The average yield per plant of the ratoon crop was 27.40 kg,with an average yield of 54424.29 kg·hm^(-2),showing an 8.23% increase over the parental Brazilian banana.The sucrose content of the fruit was about 6.20 g·100 g^(-1),soluble sugar content is 20.87%,titratable acid content is 0.19 g·100 g^(-1),starch content is 3.90 g·100 g^(-1),vitamin C content is 12.50 mg·100 g^(-1),potassium content is 364 mg·100 g^(-1) and soluble solids content is 22.00%.The growth period of newly planted banana Guijiao No.10 is 355-385 days.The growth period of perennial banana is 350-375 days.Both pot and field experiments for Fusarium wilt resistance evaluated that while the tested Brazilian Banana exhibited a highly susceptible resistance level,the Guijiao No.10 variety demonstrated a susceptible resistance level.Successfully planted in the main banana producing areas of Guangxi,such as Nanning,Yulin,Chongzuo,Beihai,and Baise,suitable for planting in tropical and subtropical regions such as Guangxi,Guangdong,Hainan,and Yunnan in China.Avoiding areas that are susceptible to cold damage as much as possible.Select suitable banana plantations with a planting density of 120-140 plants per 666.7 m^(2) being optimal.In areas with sufficient light,temperature,and favorable water and fertilizer conditions,the planting density can be increased to 160-180 plants per 666.7 m^(2).Guangxi and Yunnan adopt autumn and winter planting and spring planting modes,and it is advisable to use double film covering(plastic film and sky film)for winter planting in autumn and winter;Hainan,Guangdong and other places should choose to plant from May to July.Before planting,organic fertilizer should be mainly applied.After planting banana seedlings,they should be watered thoroughly and thoroughly with root water in a timely manner.Balanced application of chemical fertilizers,mainly using buried compound fertilizers and potassium fertilizers,supplemented by drip or spray water-soluble compound fertilizers.In the middle and later stages,appropriate amounts of medium and trace element fertilizers should be applied in combination,and bio-organic fertilizers should also be applied.Manage the fruit clusters well.Strengthen the prevention and control of banana wilt disease,root knot nematode,leaf sheath rot disease,leaf spot disease,and black spot disease,and prevent and control elephant beetles,aphids,red spider mites,striped armyworms,leaf jumping beetles,leaf rollers,flower thrips,etc.throughout the entire growth period.
作者
李佳林
田丹丹
李朝生
覃柳燕
何章飞
韦莉萍
韦绍龙
黄素梅
LI Jialin;TIAN Dandan;LI Chaosheng;QIN Liuyan;HE Zhangfei;WEI Liping;WEI Shaolong;HUANG Sumei(Biotechnology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Banana Branch of National Improvement Center for Tropical Fruit Variety Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China/National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Improvement and Cultivation of Banana Varieties(Guangxi),Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期1935-1940,共6页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
广西自然科学基金项目(2025GXNSFAA069623)
国家自然科学基金项目(32460738)
国家现代农业产业技术体系广西香蕉创新团队建设(nycytxgxcxtd-2024-16)
广西农业科学院科技发展基金(桂农科2024YP073)。
关键词
香蕉
新品种
桂蕉10号
丰产
Banana
New cultivar
Guijiao No.10
High yield
