摘要
桂爽是从惠州市惠阳区镇隆大光村荔枝园丁香变异单株选种选育出来的晚熟、稳产、优质荔枝新品种。平均单果质量31.7 g,果实呈歪心形,果肉爽脆、无渣,具有桂花香味,可食率78.7%,果皮呈暗红色。可溶性固形物含量(w)17.1%~18.6%,焦核率86.7%。果实7月中旬成熟,具有果大、丰产稳产、成花易,品质优等突出特点,高位嫁接树第4年株产达17.3 kg,第5年株产达24.3 kg,适合两广等中晚熟荔枝产区种植。
Guishuang is a late-maturing,yield-stable,and high-quality lychee cultivar selected and bred from a mutant seedling of lychee in Daguang Village,Zhenglong Township,Huiyang District,Huizhou Municipality.The mother tree is currently about 50 years old.In the early spring of 1999,more than 40 scion sticks from the lychee mother trees were collected and grafted onto 23 Huai Zhi lychee seedlings in the orchard at a low position.A total of 46 buds were grafted and 41 were survived.Starting from 2003,all the 23 grafted lychee trees(first generation trees)bloomed and bore fruit.The average fruit weight is 31.7g,with a crooked heart shape.The flesh is crisp and fiber-free,and has a osmanthus fragrance.The flesh eatability rate is 78.7%,and the skin is dark red.The soluble solids content is 17.1%-18.6%,and the seed abortion rate is 86.7%.The tree vigor is robust.Leaves are short,with a symmetrically aristate tip,and a lanceolate shape.The crown is semi-circular,and open.The leaf veins are fine with entire leaf margin and smooth and glossy surface.The flowers are small,born on a compound raceme and cone-shaped inflorescence,light yellow green in color,and neatly arranged.The pedicle is brown and round.The fruit matures in mid July.The cultivar has prominent characteristics such as large size,high and stable yield,easy flowering and excellent quality.The yield per plant for top-grafted trees reached 17.3 kg in the fourth year and 24.3 kg in the fifth year.Propagration can be carried out through techniques such as air layering,grafting,and top grafting.For grafting,Feizixiao can be used as the rootstock,while Guiwei or Feizixiao can be used for top grafting.The orchard can be established on slopes with a gradient below 25 degrees.It is advisable to dig a planting hole with a depth of 1 meter and a diameter of 0.8 meters for new seedlings,with sufficient base fertilizer.Spring planting is recommended;Planting density can be(4-5)m×(5-6)m;Benign weeds or green manure can be planted between rows to improve and enhance the ecological environment in the orchard,which is conducive to improving fruit quality.Guishuang usually has its last autumn shoots maturing at the end of November to early December.After the autumn shoots mature,spiral girdling can be carried out to control the shoots and promote flowering.If winter shoots sprout,0.03%-0.04% ethephon solution can be sprayed before the winter shoots bloom.3-5 and 20-25 days after the female bloom,fruit retention can be achieved by spraying the nutrient agent containing 2,4-D+“Sheng Duo Su”.After the second physiological fruit drop period,the fruit can be appropriately thinned out,retaining 5 to 9 fruits per cluster.Plant protection measures should be focused on preventing and controlling two pests and two diseases,including lychee stink bug,stem end borer,downy mildew,and anthracnose.It is suitable for mid-to late-maturing lychee producing areas in Guangdong and Guangxi.
作者
林锦何
李花
古莹珺
古幸福
叶翰江
刘观仪
LIN Jinhe;LI Hua;GU Yingjun;GU Xingfu;YE Hanjiang;LIU Guanyi(Huizhou Huiyang District Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Service Center,Huizhou 516200,Guangdong,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China;Sanhe Street Office,Huiyang District,Huizhou City,Huizhou 516200,Guangdong,China;Jingli Litchi Professional Cooperative Group,Zhenlong Town,Huiyang District,Huizhou 516200,Guangdong,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期1930-1934,共5页
Journal of Fruit Science
关键词
荔枝
新品种
桂爽
遗传稳定
桂花香味
Litchi
New cultivar
Guishuang
Genetic stability
Osmanthus fragrance
