摘要
为探究氮素不同形态及配比对马铃薯生理特性、块茎产量及品质的影响。本研究以马铃薯晚熟品种陇薯17号为试验材料进行田间试验,设置6个处理:不施氮肥对照(CK)处理,施酰胺态氮尿素(T1)处理,施铵态氮硫酸铵(T2)处理,施硝态氮硝酸钙(T3)处理,以50∶50的比例施用硝态氮和铵态氮(T4)处理,以75∶25的比例施用硝态氮和铵态氮(T5)处理。研究了氮素形态及配比对马铃薯叶片光合作用、内源激素含量、氮代谢关键酶活性、块茎产量及品质的影响。结果表明,施用不同形态氮素和配比可不同程度改善马铃薯光合作用,其中硝态氮和铵态氮比例为75∶25时马铃薯叶片气孔导度(G s)显著高于其他处理,显著增加了玉米素(ZT)含量。与CK相比,T5处理的吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量和ZT含量分别提高了119.02%和132.06%,ABA含量降低了59.80%,GA 3含量提高了8.25%;氮代谢关键酶活性均显著高于CK。同时,不同形态氮素及配比处理马铃薯块茎产量较CK增加了28.66%~60.43%。上述结果表明,施用不同形态氮素及配比可以不同程度地调控马铃薯叶片内源激素含量和氮代谢关键酶活性,提高马铃薯叶片光合性能及产量和品质,且以硝态氮与铵态氮比例为75∶25(T5)时对马铃薯的生长促进作用最强,产量和品质最优。
To investigate the effects of different nitrogen forms and ratios on physiological traits,tuber yield,and quality in potato,a field experiment was conducted using Longshu No.17(a late-maturing potato cultivar)as the test material.The experiment comprised six treatments:an unfertilized control(CK),urea application(amide nitrogen,T1),ammonium sulfate application(ammonium nitrogen,T2),calcium nitrate application(nitrate nitrogen,T3),a 50∶50 combined application of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen(T4),and a 75∶25 combined application of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen(T5).This study investigated the effects of nitrogen forms and their ratios on potato leaf photosynthesis,endogenous hormone content,key enzyme activities in nitrogen metabolism,tuber yield,and quality.Results indicated that nitrogen forms and their application ratios differentially improved potato photosynthetic performance.Specifically,the 75∶25 combined application of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen(T5)significantly enhanced stomatal conductance(G s)and increased zeatin(ZT)content compared to other treatments.Compared to CK,T5 treatment increased indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and zeatin(ZT)contents by 119.02% and 132.06%respectively,decreased abscisic acid(ABA)content by 59.80%,and elevated gibberellin A 3(GA 3)content by 8.25%,while significantly enhancing all key nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities.Simultaneously,tuber yields under different treatments increased by 28.66%to 60.43%compared to CK.These findings demonstrated that nitrogen forms and their application ratios differentially regulated endogenous hormone levels and key nitrogen-metabolizing enzyme activities in potato leaves,enhancing photosynthetic performance,yield,and quality.The 75∶25 combined application of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen(T5)exhibited the most pronounced growth-promoting effects,delivering optimal tuber yield and quality.
作者
胡雄亮
赵雪蕊
焦淑娟
张茹艳
王勇
王星星
张卫娜
康益晨
刘玉汇
秦舒浩
HU Xiongliang;ZHAO Xuerui;JIAO Shujuan;ZHANG Ruyan;WANG Yong;WANG Xingxing;ZHANG Weina;KANG Yichen;LIU Yuhui;QIN Shuhao(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement&Germplasm Enhancement,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《江苏农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期1280-1288,共9页
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32260455、32060441、32201810、32360465)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-P14)。
关键词
马铃薯
氮素形态
光合作用
内源激素
氮代谢酶
产量
品质
potato
nitrogen forms
photosynthesis
endogenous hormones
nitrogen metabolism enzymes
yield
quality
