摘要
尾矿库溃坝致灾因素多、发生频次高、破坏性强,通过尾矿坝溃坝分析(Tailings Dam Breach Analysis,TDBA)模拟预测潜在溃坝事故释放泥流运移过程与淹没范围,有助于避免或减少溃坝灾害负面影响。为提升TDBA过程规范性与结果可信度,从模拟方法入手系统梳理国内外研究动态与发展趋势。结果表明:物理相似模拟根据相似比尺设置可分为正态与变态模型,应平衡模型复杂性与实用性,模型砂选取依据和试验观测方法有待进一步改进;不存在绝对准确的数值模拟方法,应重点研究模拟结果的工程应用价值;溃坝泥流分类体系尚不健全,应综合考虑泥流浓度、密度、级配组成等制定分类依据,据此选取适用的流变模型。TDBA方法研究与工程应用可为库区规划选址、加高扩容论证、防减灾措施布置等提供依据,助力实现“零伤亡、零危害”的尾矿库安全管理目标。
Tailings dam breaches are characterized by multiple disaster-inducing factors,high occurrence frequency,and high destructiveness.Conducting Tailings Dam Breach Analysis(TDBA)to determine the inundation range and impact degree of potential dam breach accidents is a current international focus in the field of tailings dam disaster prevention and mitigation.To enhance the standardization of the TDBA process and the credibility of its results,the research trends and developments in simulation methods globally were systematically reviewed.The findings indicate that physical similarity simulation is a direct and effective method for conducting breach analysis and fundamental research on slurry flow characteristics;The selection criteria for model sand and the methods for observing experimental results require further in-depth investigation;There is a lack of accurate numerical simulation method.Therefore,current research should focus on the application of simulation results;Additionally,the existing classification system for breach slurry is remains incomplete.Classification criteria should be established by considering properties such as slurry concentration,density,and gradation composition.These criteria must be further refined and validated through experimental data and case studies.Meanwhile,a scientific rheological model should be proposed based on the classification of slurry flows.Research and engineering applications of tailings dam breach analysis simulation methods provide a basis for reservoir area planning and site selection,heightening and capacity expansion justification,and disaster prevention and mitigation measures.Ultimately,these efforts will support the achievement of the safety management goal of"zero casualties and zero harm"in tailings dams.
作者
王昆
杨修志
王迪
赵得源
诸利一
张峥
WANG Kun;YANG Xiuzhi;WANG Di;ZHAO Deyuan;ZHU Liyi;ZHANG Zheng(College of Energy and Mining Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;Information Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 100029,China;School of Resource and Safety Engi neering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《有色金属(中英文)》
北大核心
2025年第8期1396-1407,共12页
Nonferrous Metals
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104138)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2024ME144)。
关键词
尾矿库
尾矿坝溃坝分析
物理相似模拟
数值模拟
流变模型
tailings pond
tailings dam breach analysis
physical similarity simulation
numerical simulation
rheological model
