摘要
青藏高原植被类型具有纬向、经向和垂直高度等“三维”分布特征,由于生态环境条件和交通可达性等限制,以往多是基于公路、铁路沿线或山脚等区域开展植被调查,并以这些基带植被与气候因子的关系推理山体垂直带谱,因此具有很大的不确定性.本文在珠峰绒布河流域选择4个基线海拔高度、8座山体(包括阴、阳坡)进行整个山体垂直带的植物组成调查,探讨不同基带海拔高度调查情景对植物组成和植被类型的影响.本文发现不同基带调查情景下,群落物种组成存在显著差异,同时优势种组成及优势度随着基带调查情景的不同而发生变化;特别是高海拔山脚基带植物组成和植被类型与低海拔相同或相似海拔高度的山顶植物组成和植被类型显著不同.此外,不完整的坡面调查对于山体垂直带植被类型的分布情况造成严重干扰,其中1/4,2/4和3/4基带调查分别低估高山灌丛带527 m,336 m和268 m的垂直分布高度,而高山草原带的分布区间分别被高估440 m,329 m和271 m.这些结果表明以往基于不同海拔的山脚基带植被类型不能准确反映相应的山体垂直带物种组成及植被分布.
Vegetation on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau exhibits a distinctive“three-dimensional”distribution along latitudinal,longitudinal,and vertical gradients.However,due to ecological limitations and accessibility challenges,previous vegetation surveys were primarily conducted along roads,railways,or foothill areas.These surveys often inferred montane vertical zonation based on relationships between vegetation and climatic factors in baseline regions,introducing significant uncertainty.In this study,we selected four baseline elevations and surveyed eight mountains(including both shady and sunny slopes)in the Rongbu River Basin of Mount Qomolangma to assess plant composition across the entire vertical band.We examined the effects of different baseline elevation survey scenarios on plant composition and vegetation types.Our findings revealed significant differences in community species composition under 4 baseline conditions,with shifts in species dominance.Specifically,plant composition and vegetation types at high-altitude foothills differed markedly from those at similar altitudes near mountain summits.Moreover,incomplete slope surveys severely distorted the vertical distribution of montane vegetation.In particular,surveys conducted at 1/4,2/4,and 3/4 of the baseline underestimated the vertical distribution height of the alpine shrub zone by 527,336,and 268 m,respectively,while overestimated the alpine meadow zone by 440,329,and 271 m,respectively.These results indicate that vegetation types derived from foothill elevations do not accurately reflect the vertical species composition and vegetation distribution of the mountains.
作者
周阳
李博文
吕静雅
阿旺
陈兰英
刘世章
伍晶
吕汪汪
孙建平
贾跃凤
赵矿
贾小华
汪诗平
ZHOU Yang;LI BoWen;LV JingYa;A Wang;CHEN LanYing;LIU ShiZhang;WU Jing;LV WangWang;SUN JianPing;JIA YueFeng;ZHAO Kuang;JIA XiaoHua;WANG ShiPing(State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Xizang University,Lhasa 850000,China;Xizang Low-carbon Grassland and Animal Husbandry Technology Co.,Ltd.,Lhasa 850030,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Xizang Autonomous Region Department of Ecology and Environment,Lhasa 850000,China)
出处
《中国科学:生命科学》
北大核心
2025年第7期1500-1515,共16页
Scientia Sinica(Vitae)
基金
西藏自治区生态环境监测中心项目
国家自然科学基金(批准号:32201358)资助
关键词
绒布河流域
物种组成
物种分布
垂直带谱
珠穆朗玛峰
Rongbu River basin
species composition
species distribution
vertical spectrum
Mount Qomolangma
