摘要
新质生产力发展的核心标准是全要素生产率的大幅提升。在阐述新质生产力发展促进全要素生产率提升的3条路径(即新技术、新业态和新经济的发展提升全要素生产率水平的路径)与3种效应(分别为劳动优化效应、产业迭代效应和要素深化效应)机制基础上,利用索洛余值法和数据包络分析法,测算京沪粤三地2000至2022年全要素生产率增长率等指标,并进行对比分析。研究结果表明:京沪粤三地从2009年开始,全要素生产率增长率处于下降态势甚至为负,大力发展新质生产力迫在眉睫;上海在新技术、新业态和新经济路径上发展较均衡,劳动优化效应、产业迭代效应和要素深化效应都发挥得较好;北京需加强新技术在产业深度转型上的应用并提升劳动优化效应,广东需加强产业深度转型升级,提升产业迭代效应。因此,京沪粤三地应将新质生产力提升全要素生产率的着力点放在以下三方面,一是要通过大力发展新技术形成可实现的生产力;二是要加快传统产业升级并积极发展战略性新兴产业;三是深化体制机制改革。
The core criterion for the development of new productive forces is the substantial improvement of Total Factor Productivity(TFP).This study first expounds on three pathways through which the development of new productive forces promotes TFP growth:the development of new technologies,new business formats,and the new economy.It also analyzes three mechanisms of effect:labor optimization,industrial iteration,and factor deepening.By employing the Solow residual method and data envelopment analysis(DEA),it measures TFP growth rates and related indicators for Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangdong from 2000 to 2022,followed by a comparative analysis.Key findings reveal that since 2009,TFP growth rates in Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangdong have shown a downward trend or even negative values,highlighting the urgency of vigorously developing new productive forces.Shanghai demonstrates balanced development across the three pathways(new technologies,new business formats,and new economy),with effective implementation of labor optimization,industrial iteration,and factor deepening effects.Beijing needs to strengthen the application of new technologies in industrial transformation and enhance labor optimization,while Guangdong should prioritize deep industrial upgrading to boost industrial iteration effects.Therefore,Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangdong should focus on the following three aspects to enhance total factor productivity with new productive forces.First,they should form realizable productive forces by vigorously developing new technologies.Second,they should accelerate the upgrading of traditional industries and actively develop strategic emerging industries.Third,they should deepen the reform of systems and mechanisms.
作者
杨茜淋
王海芸
Yang Qianlin;Wang Haiyun(Beijing Academy of Science and Technology,Beijing 100089,China)
出处
《科技管理研究》
2025年第12期45-57,共13页
Science and Technology Management Research
基金
北京市社会科学基金重点项目“‘五子’联动背景下北京高精尖产业科技资源配置效率研究”(22LLGLB042)。
关键词
新质生产力
全要素生产率
索洛余值法
数据包络分析法
京沪粤
new quality productive forces
total factor productivity(TFP)
Solow residual method
data envelopment analysis
Beijing-Shanghai-Guangdong
