摘要
当前网络著作权侵权赔偿制度的适用面临多重困境,包括法定赔偿路径依赖、向精细化计算模式转型的现实需求、赔偿数额认定中的裁量失衡,以及制度功能定位的模糊等问题。通过系统梳理违法所得赔偿的理论基础与功能演变,著作权侵权兼具补偿与预防双重功能的规范特质。通过比较法分析与典型案例研究,著作权侵权司法实践中存在利润归因不清、因果关系证明困难、赔偿过度威慑以及举证责任分配失衡等核心问题,其根本原因在于传统补偿原则与违法所得赔偿预防性功能之间的理论张力。为此,提出以“过错程度+比例原则”为核心构建阶梯式著作权损害赔偿体系:一方面,根据侵权人的过错程度动态调整证明标准,层层递进实现“补偿—预防—惩罚”的多维目标;另一方面,引入比例原则检验,以规范司法裁量,防止赔偿裁量权的滥用。针对网络环境的特殊性,主张摒弃过度依赖精细化计算的路径,回归权利人与侵权人之间的利益平衡视角,优先适用合理许可费与法定赔偿制度,仅在预防必要的情况下,才优先适用违法所得赔偿。
The current online copyright compensation system faces significant challenges,including overreliance on statutory damages,the need for refined calculation methods,inconsistent judicial discretion,and unclear functional goals.This paper explores the theoretical basis and evolving role of disgorgement of unlawful gains,emphasizing its dual compensatory and preventive functions.Through comparative analysis and case studies,it identifies core issues like unclear profit attribution,causation proof difficulties,and imbalance in burden of proof—rooted in the tension between compensation and prevention principles.To address this,the paper proposes a tiered damages framework based on“degree of fault and proportionality”.It recommends adjusting evidentiary standards according to fault levels and applying a three-step proportionality test to guide judicial discretion.Recognizing the complexities of the online environment,the paper favors a balanced approach over overly precise calculations,advocating for reasonable license fees and statutory damages as the default,and limiting disgorgement to willful infringement cases requiring deterrence.
出处
《经贸法律评论》
2025年第4期1-20,共20页
Business and Economic Law Review
基金
对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(项目批准号:21QD34)。
关键词
网络著作权
侵权违法所得
比例原则
过错
阶梯式赔偿
预防性功能
Online Copyright
Disgorgement of Unlawful Gains
Principle of Proportionality
Fault
Tiered Compensation
Preventive Function
