摘要
在近20a中,地质灾害物理仿真实验呈现出学科交叉、应用广泛、更新迅速的发展现状。开展地质灾害物理仿真实验发展现状及趋势分析,有助于让相关研究人员掌握行业现状并根据发展趋势设计实验、研发设备、更新技术,促进地质灾害关键理论的创新发展。调研大量的国内外地质灾害物理仿真实验相关文献,总结了开展地质灾害物理仿真实验的5个意义,并对6个物理仿真关键技术逐一进行了现状分析。其中模型箱和水槽是应用最广泛的仿真技术。底摩擦仿真技术在二维场景中实现了模型与重力场的耦合;振动台和离心机技术可为仿真实验提供振动与重力环境,在物理仿真实验中发挥着不可替代的作用。原位仿真技术在避免缩尺效应、边界效应、重力失真等方面具有显著优势。地质灾害物理仿真实验正朝着场景构建复杂化、实验规模大型化、材料选择科学化和数据采集智能化的方向发展,这对实验技术与经济成本提出了更高的要求,亟需营造良性发展环境,让物理仿真技术在地质灾害研究中的发挥出更大作用。
[Significance]Over the past 20 years,physical simulation experiments for geological hazards have rapidly developed,evolving into an interdisciplinary field with widespread applications and continuous technological advancements.Analyzing the current status and trends of physical simulation experiments for geological hazards helps researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of the field,design experiments,develop equipment,and update technologies aligned with future directions,thereby promoting innovation in key theories related to geological hazards.[Progress]This paper reviews a significant body of domestic and international literature on physical simulation experiments of geological hazards,summarizes five key significances of conducting such experiments,and analyzes the current status of six core physical simulation technologies.Model box and flume are the most widely used simulation technologies due to their versatile combinations,low cost,ease of installation,and simple operation.Base friction simulation technology enables coupling between the model and the gravitational field in two-dimensional settings.Shaking table and centrifuge technologies,while expensive to build and operate,provide controlled vibrational and gravitational conditions,playing an indispensable role in physical simulation experiments.In-situ simulation technology,while facing challenges such as long experimental cycles,difficult model fabrication,high personnel input,low automation,and poor repeatability,offers distinct advantages by mitigating issues such as scaling effects,boundary constraints,and gravitational distortion.[Conclusions and Prospects]Physical simulation experiments for geological hazards are evolving toward greater scenario complexity,larger-scale testing,more scientific material selection,and intelligent data collection.These advancements impose higher demands on experimental technologies and economic costs,highlighting the urgent need to foster a conducive development environment.Doing so will enable physical simulation technology to play an even greater role in geohazard research.
作者
肖子亢
许冲
李宏
黄帅
李博
何祥丽
XIAO Zikang;XU Chong;LI Hong;HUANG Shuai;LI Bo;HE Xiangli(National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China,Beijing 100085,China;Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics,Ministry of Emergency Management of China,Beijing 100085,China)
出处
《地质科技通报》
北大核心
2025年第4期23-47,共25页
Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology
基金
应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务专项(ZDJ2022-20,ZDJ2024-16,2023-JBKY-57)。
关键词
物理仿真实验
地质灾害
发展现状
趋势分析
physical simulation experiment
geological hazard
development status
trend analysis
