摘要
目的通过分析2020—2024年上海市工作场所职业病危害因素监测企业职业病防治现状,分析企业职业病防治存在的问题,为进一步提升职业健康管理水平提供参考。方法收集整理2020—2024年上海市监测企业的《工作场所职业病危害因素监测项目调查表》,采用Excel 2021导出汇总相关调查数据,使用R 3.6.1软件对用人单位基本情况、职业病危害因素检测、在岗期间职业健康体检、职业病防护设施设置与运行、职业病防护用品配备及发放、职业病危害因素警示标识设置等情况进行统计学描述及趋势χ^(2)分析。结果2020—2024年上海市监测企业共2350家,以小微型企业为主,占82.55%;经济类型以内资企业为主,占78.80%。2020—2024年监测企业职业病危害项目申报率均>96%,但年度更新率远低于申报率,最高为85.8%。监测企业职业健康培训、职业健康检查、职业病危害因素防护、职业病危害因素警示标识设置等总体情况呈现逐年上升趋势(P<0.05),大、中型企业均高于小、微型企业(P<0.05)。结论上海市监测企业职业病防治工作取得了较大进步,但小微企业的职业病防治工作仍面临挑战,应多措并举加强小微企业职业病防治工作。
Objective To analyze the current situation of occupational disease prevention and control in enterprises monitored for workplace occupational hazard factors in Shanghai form 2020 to 2024,identify existing problems in enterprise occupational disease prevention and control,explore solutions,and provide references for further improvement of occupational health work.Methods Collect and sort out the Workplace Occupational Hazard Factors Monitoring Project Survey Form of 2350 monitored enterprises in Shanghai from 2020 to 2024.The relevant survey data were exported and summarized using Excel 2021,and statistical descriptions and trendχ^(2) analyses were conducted using R 3.6.1 on the basic situation of employers,detection of occupational hazard factors,occupational health examinations during employment,setting and operation of occupational disease prevention facilities,distribution of occupational disease prevention supplies,and setting of occupational disease hazard warning signs.Results From 2020 to 2024,a total of 2350 monitored enterprises were identified in the city,with small and micro enterprises being the majority,accounting for 82.55%,and the economic type being mainly domestic enterprises,accounting for 78.80%.The annual declaration rate of occupational hazard projects in monitored enterprises has always been higher than 96%,but the annual update rate is much lower than the declaration rate,with the highest being 85.8%.The overall situation of occupational health training,occupational health examinations,protection of occupational hazard factors,and setting of occupational hazard warning signs in monitored enterprises showed an upward trend year by year(P<0.05),with large and medium-sized enterprises being higher than small and micro enterprises(P<0.05).Conclusion Shanghai's monitored enterprises have made significant progress in occupational disease prevention and control work,but the occupational disease prevention and control work of small and micro enterprises still faces significant challenges.Multiple measures should be taken to strengthen the occupational disease prevention and control work of small and micro enterprises.
作者
蒲立力
高童宁
尹艳
PU Lili;GAO Tongning;YIN Yan(Division for Health Hazards Monitoring and Control,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201106,China)
出处
《中国工业医学杂志》
2025年第3期273-277,共5页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine
基金
上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)重点学科建设项目——针对重点职业病和新发职业危害因素的综合防控策略研究(GWVI-11.1-37)
国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室开放课题——造船厂电焊烟尘防护技术研究(KLECDH2024030101)。
关键词
重点行业
职业病危害防治
现状
key industries
occupational disease prevention and control
current situation
