摘要
目的了解我国工业企业从事高温作业人员的血压和心电图异常情况,为高温作业职业危害防治提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制中心职业病与健康危害因素监测信息系统获取2023年我国工业企业高温作业人员的职业健康档案,采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析高温作业人员血压及心电图体检结果及其影响因素。结果共收集高温作业人员2023年职业健康检查个案172.65万人份,其中血压升高32.57万人,检出率18.86%;心电图异常38.49万人,检出率22.29%;血压升高和心电图异常检出率在不同性别、年龄、工龄、地区、行业及企业规模、经济类型间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血压升高检出率随年龄和工龄的增加而升高,心电图异常检出率呈年轻化趋势;男性、年龄≥30岁、接触高温工龄≥5年、东北和华东地区、小微企业及制造业是血压升高的危险因素;男性,年龄≥60岁,东北和西南地区,港澳台商投资企业,制造业和电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业是心电图异常的危险因素。结论工业企业高温作业人员心血管健康状况不容乐观,尤其是男性、高年龄、高工龄、东北地区以及小微企业劳动者风险较高,应加强高温作业劳动者入暑前的职业健康检查,对体检中发现的有高温作业职业禁忌证者应及时调离高温作业岗位;此外,还应加强高温作业人员的职业卫生宣教工作。
Objective To understand the situation of abnormal blood pressure and electrocardiogram of high-temperature workers in Chinese industrial enterprises,thereby to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational hazards caused by high-temperature works.Methods The occupational health files of high temperature workers of industrial enterprises in 2023 were obtained from the Occupational Diseases and Health Hazardous Factors Surveillance System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,then,use the univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the status of blood pressure and ECG examination results among workers exposed to high temperatures,and their influencing factors.Results The results showed that a total of 1.7265 million occupational health examination cases were collected from high-temperature workers in 2023,including 325700 individuals with elevated blood pressure(18.86%of detection rate)and 384900 individuals with abnormal electrocardiograms(22.29%of detection rate);additionally,there were significantly statistical difference in the detection rates of elevated blood pressure and abnormal electrocardiogram among different gender,age,working age,regions,industries,enterprise sizes and economic types(P<0.001).The detection rate of elevated blood pressure increased with age and working years,the detection rate of abnormal electrocardiograms presented a trend towards younger age;male,age≥30 years old,high temperature exposure time more than 5 years,northeast and east China regions,small and micro enterprises and manufacturing industries were the risk factors for elevated blood presure;male,age≥60 years old,northeast and southwest China regions,HongKong/Macao/Taiwan investment enterprises,manufacturing as well as electricity,heat,water production and supply industries were risk factors for abnormal ECG.Conclusion The results suggested that the cardiovascular health status of workers engaged in high-temperature operations in industrial enterprises was not optimistic,especially for males,those with high age or long working age,working in northeast China and in small and micro enterprises.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen occupational health examination for workers engaged in high-temperature operations before entering the summer.Those who were found to have occupational contraindications for high-temperature operations during physical examinations should be promptly transferred from high-temperature operation positions.Meanwhile,health education in high-temperature workers should be strengthened as well.
作者
赵倩
李欣欣
张正恒
潘圆
裴迎新
胡伟江
ZHAO Qian;LI Xinxin;ZHANG Zhengheng;PAN Yuan;PEI Yingxin;HU Weijiang(Field Epidemiology Programme,Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Zibo,Shandong 255026,China;不详)
出处
《中国工业医学杂志》
2025年第3期266-272,283,共8页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine
关键词
高温作业人员
工业企业
血压
心电图
high temperature workers
industrial enterprises
blood pressure
electrocardiograms
