摘要
One of the issues of Thermodynamics is the question of what exactly thermo-dynamic equilibrium means.It is often interpreted as thermalequilibrium.The question is if this is correct.This is especially relevant for the case of the atmosphere,where gravitational energy also plays a role,which might allow for temperature gradients in equilibrium.In order to answer this question,this work goes back to Boltzmann’s original ideas.As will be shown here,thermo-dynamic equilibrium also means thermal equilibrium in this case.Moreover,it will also be shown why a lapse rate(a linear drop of temperature with alti-tude)is observed in a mechanically stable atmosphere.The implications for climate research are discussed.
