摘要
根部增氧可缓解水稻需水需氧的特异性矛盾。为进一步明确CaO_(2)增氧效果,本试验设置基肥施用CaO_(2)(M_(1))、分蘖肥施用CaO_(2)(M_(2))、基肥和分蘖肥均施CaO_(2)增氧处理(M_(3))及不施CaO_(2)对照(CK),研究CH_(4)排放、植株形态生理特性和土壤还原性物质变化及其相互间关系。结果表明,与对照相比,施用CaO_(2)显著降低全生育期平均CH_(4)排放通量、CH_(4)累积排放量、全球增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI),以M_(3)的CH_(4)减排率最高(20.46%)。CaO_(2)主要通过提高有效穗数和结实率而促进增产,分次施用效果优于一次施用,以M_(3)增产幅度最高(9.80%)。同时,与对照相比,施用CaO_(2)增加分蘖期茎蘖数、高峰苗、茎蘖成穗率、收获指数以及分蘖期和成熟期植株体生物量,促进分蘖期根长和根直径增长,提高分蘖期根系氧化力和土壤氧化还原电位,以M_(3)增幅相对较大;显著降低分蘖期土壤活性还原性物质和Fe^(2+)含量,以M_(3)降幅最明显。相关分析表明,CH_(4)累积排放量与产量、有效穗数、分蘖期和成熟期植株体生物量及分蘖期根长、根直径、茎蘖数、根系氧化力和土壤氧化还原电位等指标呈显著或极显著负相关,但CH_(4)累积排放量与分蘖期土壤活性还原性物质和Fe^(2+)含量呈极显著正相关。随机森林模型显示,对CH_(4)累积排放量贡献率影响最大的因素为分蘖期地上部生物量。综上,稻田CH_(4)减排和水稻增产协同效应以基肥和分蘖肥分2次均施CaO_(2)最显著。本研究为稻田缺氧逆境调控及水稻高产栽培提供了技术支撑。
Root oxygenation can alleviate the specific contradiction between water and oxygen requirements of rice.In order to further clarify the oxygenation effect of CaO_(2),basal fertilizer application of CaO_(2)(M_(1)),tillering fertilizer application of CaO_(2)(M_(2)),the average application of CaO_(2)in basal fertilizer and tillering fertilizer(M_(3))and control without CaO_(2)(CK)were set up to study the CH_(4) emission,plant morphological and physiological characteristics and soil reductive material changes and their mutual relationship.The results showed that compared with the control,the CaO_(2)application significantly reduced the average CH_(4) emission flux,accumulative CH_(4) emission,global warming potential(GWP)and greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI)during the whole growth period,with the highest CH_(4) emission reduction rate(20.46%)in M_(3).CaO_(2)mainly promoted the yield increase by increasing the number of effective panicles and seed setting rate.The effect of split application was better than that of single application,and the yield increase of M_(3) was the highest(9.80%).At the same time,compared with the control,the application of CaO_(2)increased the number of tillers at tillering stage,peak seedlings,earing percentage of main stems and tillers,harvest index and plant biomass at tillering stage and mature stage,promoted the growth of root length and root diameter at tillering stage,and improved the root oxidation activity and soil redox potential at tillering stage and the above increase was relatively significant in M_(3).Also,CaO_(2)application significantly reduced the content of soil active reductive material and Fe^(2+)content at tillering stage,and with the most significant decrease in M_(3).Correlation analysis showed that accumulative CH_(4) emission were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with yield,effective panicles,plant biomass at tillering and mature stages,root length,root diameter,tiller number,root oxidation activity and soil redox potential at tillering stage.However,the accumulative CH_(4) emission was significantly positively correlated with soil active reductive material and Fe^(2+)content at tillering stage.The random forest model showed that the most important factor affecting the contribution rate of accumulative CH_(4) emission was the aboveground biomass at the tillering stage.In conclusion,the synergistic effect of CH_(4) emission reduction and rice yield increase in paddy field was the most significant when CaO_(2)was applied with the same amount of basal and tillering fertilizers.This study provides technical supports for the regulation of hypoxia stress in paddy fields and high-yield cultivation of rice.
作者
石吕
韩笑
薛亚光
刘立军
刘建
SHI Lyu;HAN Xiao;XUE Yaguang;LIU Lijun;LIU Jian(Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Recycling Agriculture of Nantong City,Nantong,Jiangsu 226012;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009)
出处
《核农学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期2019-2030,共12页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(23)1035-2)
国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0300903-02)
南通市社会民生面上项目(MS22022095)。
关键词
水稻
过氧化钙
甲烷排放
还原性物质
产量形成
rice
calcium peroxide
methane emission
reductive material
yield formation
