摘要
为探究不同有机肥替代化肥比例对机械精量穴直播杂交稻稻米品质的影响,确定适宜于西南地区直播稻优质栽培的有机肥与化肥施用最佳配比,于2018—2019年,在水稻精量穴直播条件下,采用两因素裂区设计,主区为3个优质杂交水稻品种,分别是宜香优1108、F优498和德优4727;副区为5种鸡粪型有机肥替代化肥方式:100%化学N肥(M1),75%化学N肥+25%有机肥(M2),50%化学N肥+50%有机肥(M3),25%化学N肥+75%有机肥(M4)和100%有机肥(M5);以不施有机肥和化学N肥为对照(CK),总施氮量均为150 kg·hm-2,测定分析水稻产量及产量构成因素、加工品质、外观品质、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量、食味品质、淀粉RVA特征谱。结果表明,宜香优1108的加工和外观品质均在M2处理下表现最好;F优498和德优4727的加工品质分别在M2和M3处理下表现最好,外观品质均在M1处理下表现更好。与CK相比,M1处理显著增加了蛋白质含量,降低了峰值黏度,最终显著降低稻米食味品质。与100%化学N肥处理相比,有机肥施用降低了蛋白质含量,增加了峰值黏度,从而改善稻米食味品质,主要原因是提高了稻米外观、口感、食味评分和黏度,降低了稻米硬度,且有机肥配比越高表现越好。综上,在杂交水稻精量穴直播下,合理的有机肥和化肥配施比例可以提高稻米品质,但不同品种间有所差异,宜香优1108和F优498的最优有机肥替代比例为25%,德优4727为50%,有机肥配比不应超过50%,有机肥配比过高会使稻米加工和外观品质变劣。本研究结果可为直播稻优质绿色生产提供理论依据。
In order to explore the effects of different proportions of organic and chemical fertilizers on the rice quality in mechanically precision hill-direct-seeded hybrid rice,the optimum ratio of organic and chemical fertilizers suitable for high-quality cultivation of direct-seeded rice in Southwest China was determined.From 2018 to 2019,under the condition of rice precision hole direct seeding,a two-factor split-zone design was adopted,and three high-quality hybrid rice varieties were used in the main plot,namely Yixiangyou 1108,F you 498 and Deyou 4727.The sub-plot was used to replace chemical fertilizers with five kinds of chicken manure organic fertilizers:100%chemical N fertilizer(M1),75%chemical N fertilizer+25%organic fertilizer(M2),50%chemical N fertilizer+50%organic fertilizer(M3),25%chemical N fertilizer+75%organic fertilizer(M4)and 100%organic fertilizer(M5).With no fertilizer as the control(CK),the total nitrogen application rate was 150 kg·hm-2.The rice yield and yield components,processing quality,appearance quality,amylose and protein content,taste quality and starch RVA characteristic spectrum were measured and analyzed.The results showed that the Yixiangyou 1108 had the best processing quality and appearance quality under M2 treatment.The F you 498 and Deyou 4727 had processing quality under M2 and M3 treatments,respectively,and had the best appearance quality under M1 treatment.Compared with CK,M1 significantly increased the protein content,reduced the peak viscosity,and ultimately significantly reduced the taste quality of rice.Compared with M1,the application of organic fertilizer reduced the protein content and increased the peak viscosity,thereby improving the taste quality of rice,mainly because the appearance,mouthfeel,comprehensive and stickiness of rice were improved,and the hardness of rice was reduced,and with the higher the organic fertilizer ratio,the better the performance.Under the precision hill direct seeded of hybrid rice,the reasonable combination of organic and chemical fertilizers can improve the rice quality,but there were differences among different varieties.The optimal organic fertilizer replacement ratio of Yixiangyou 1108 and F you 498 is 25%,and that of Deyou 4727 is 50%.The ratio of organic fertilizer should not exceed 50%.Excessive organic fertilizer ratio will deteriorate the processing and appearance quality of rice.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for high-quality green production of direct seeding rice.
作者
熊莹
向开宏
吴子牛
陈凯瑞
罗永恒
胡明明
李志欣
马均
XIONG Ying;XIANG Kaihong;WU Ziniu;CHEN Kairui;LUO Yongheng;HU Mingming;LI Zhixin;MA Jun(Rice Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130)
出处
《核农学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期2005-2018,共14页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301701)。
关键词
有机肥配施化肥
精量穴直播
杂交稻
稻米品质
organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer
precision hill-direct-seeding
hybrid rice
rice quality
