摘要
河川径流数据是开展水资源管理、水文学研究和防洪抗旱减灾的重要数据,水文站监测和水文巡测是获取径流数据的典型方法。但是水文站安全受到气候变化引起的极端暴雨影响愈加严重,传统水文巡测方法也难以适应大范围、快速、高频径流监测的管理要求,因此亟须新的技术方法解决上述难题。近年来,遥感径流监测技术的不断发展为解决上述问题提供了新方法。以国内自主研发的遥感水文站径流监测技术为对象,详细阐述了该项新技术的机理、算法,同时列举了该技术在无测站区水资源监测、流域防洪减灾和生态保护的6个典型应用案例,并与全球其他相关技术进行对比分析,提出了未来遥感水文站技术发展的3个方向。明晰了全球与国内遥感径流监测技术发展现状、发展方向和新技术构成,为应对极端天气对水文站安全影响及解决水文巡测难题提供新的技术备份,为水文数据跨学科研究应用提供了新的方法和数据共享平台。
River discharge data are essential for water resources management,hydrological research,and flood and drought disaster mitigation.Hydrological station monitoring and patrol-based hydrological measurements are typical methods for acquiring runoff data.However,the safety of hydrological stations is increasingly threatened by extreme rainstorms caused by climate change,and traditional patrol-based measurement methods are no longer sufficient to meet the management needs of large-scale,rapid,and high-frequency runoff monitoring.Therefore,new technical approaches are urgently required to address these challenges.In recent years,the continuous development of remote sensing runoff monitoring technology has offered promising solutions.Focusing on a domestically developed remote sensing hydrological station technology,this study elaborates on its underlying principles and algorithms,and presents six representative application cases in areas such as water resources monitoring in ungauged regions,flood and drought disaster mitigation in river basins,and ecological protection.A comparative analysis is also conducted with related international technologies,and three future development directions for remote sensing hydrological stations are proposed.This study clarifies the current status,development trends,and structural components of both global and domestic remote sensing runoff monitoring technologies,providing technical support for enhancing the safety of hydrological stations under extreme weather conditions and addressing the challenges of patrol-based measurements.It also offers new methodologies and data-sharing platforms for interdisciplinary research and applications involving hydrological data.
作者
娄和震
孙高虎
杨胜天
宋文龙
唐摇影
LOU Hezhen;SUN Gaohu;YANG Shengtian;SONG Wenlong;TANG Yaoying
出处
《中国水利》
2025年第15期38-45,共8页
China Water Resources
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U1812401)
水利部数字孪生流域重点实验室开放基金“卫星遥感径流监测新方法研究”(211910153)。
关键词
径流监测技术
遥感水文站
应用场景
发展方向
runoff monitoring technology
remote sensing hydrological station
application scenarios
development direction
