摘要
在高密度大城市中,震后快速评估建筑是否安全以减少非必要的人员疏散和安置,对提升城市的震后应急响应和抗震韧性至关重要。传统的基于人工现场调查的评估方法已难适应大城市抗震韧性需求。在此背景下,在梳理建筑震后安全评估方法的基础上,重点介绍世界主要采用的直接基于层间位移的城市建筑震后安全快速评估系统,包括美国OASIS系统、意大利OSS和OCU-CT系统以及日本的q-NAVI系统。对比分析了各系统在设备选型、测点布设、数据管理和评估方法等关键工程技术问题和政策支持、推广模式等非工程问题上的经验。各国的实践均表明:基于最大层间位移的结构地震监测系统是快速评估建筑安全状态的有效途径;研发小型化、低成本、易部署的监测设备,提升数据传输可靠性,合理确定建筑震后安全等级评价指标,并探索适合本国国情的推广模式是这一技术成功应用的关键。
In high-density megacities,rapidly assessing building safety after an earthquake to minimize unnecessary evacuations and relocations is essential for enhancing emergency response capabilities and seismic resilience.Traditional assessment methods based on manual on-site investigations are unsuitable for large cities.In this context,following a brief introduction to the practice of conventional post-earthquake safety assessment of buildings,this paper focuses on the system of rapid post-earthquake safety assessment of buildings directly based on drift monitoring,including the OASIS system in the US,the OSS and OCU-CT systems in Italy,and the q-NAVI system in Japan.A comparative analysis of these systems is conducted,examining key engineering aspects such as equipment selection,sensor placement,data management,and evaluation procedures,as well as non-engineering aspects including policy support and promotion strategies.International experience indicates that a seismic structural health monitoring system based on maximum interstory drift provides an effective means to quickly evaluate building safety.Its success hinges on developing miniaturised,low-cost,easy-to-deploy monitoring devices,strengthening data transmission reliability,establishing robust post-earthquake safety evaluation criteria,and exploring deployment models tailored to national conditions.
作者
马蓝天
曲哲
高祥
孙天威
纪晓东
MA Lantian;QU Zhe;GAO Xiang;SUN Tianwei;JI Xiaodong(School of Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture&Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;Institute of Mechanical Engineering,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA,Sanhe 065201,China;Department of Civil Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《建筑结构学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第S2期54-70,共17页
Journal of Building Structures
基金
国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(52122811)
中国地震局地震工程与工程振动重点实验室重点专项工程(2021EEEVL0206)
中国地震局重大政策理论与实践问题研究课题(CEAZY2023JZ07)
黑龙江省自然科学基金杰出青年基金(JQ2022E006)
关键词
韧性城市
安全评估
震后安全等级
强震观测
结构地震监测
应急响应
resilient city
safety assessment of building
post-earthquake safety levels
strong motion observation
seismic structural health monitoring
emergency response
