摘要
为了解长江流域枯水演变规律、提升旱情应对能力,基于长江流域主要水文站1956—2022年长系列水文数据,在提取年、枯水期月尺度典型枯水年的基础上,对典型枯水年径流时空演变特征进行了分析。结果表明:年尺度下识别得到的典型枯水年集中在2006年、2011年和2022年,枯水期月尺度下识别得到的典型枯水年集中在1978年和2022年;2006年、2011年和2022年典型枯水年的共同特征为汛期来水较枯;2006年8月前径流相比历史同期逐渐转枯,8月后枯水形势更明显,而2022年8月前径流相比历史同期较丰,8月后呈现急剧由丰转枯;2006年干旱程度沿上游干流逐渐累积,宜昌站以下自上游至下游干旱程度逐渐缓解,2011年向家坝—寸滩、寸滩—螺山、螺山—大通区间干旱程度呈现降低、升高和降低的波动趋势,2022年为上中下游同枯。
To understand the evolution of low flow and enhance the ability to cope with drought in the Yangtze River Basin,typical dry years on an annual scale and monthly scale during dry seasons were extracted,and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of runoff in typical dry years were analyzed based on the hydrological data of the main hydrological stations in the Yangtze River Basin from 1956 to 2022.The results show that the typical dry years identified at the annual scale are concentrated in 2006,2011,and 2022,while the typical dry years identified at the monthly scale during dry seasons are concentrated in 1978 and 2022.The common characteristic of typical dry years in 2006,2011,and 2022 is that the runoff during flood seasons is low.In 2006,the runoff gradually decreased before August compared with the historical average of the same period,and the dry situation became more obvious after August.However,in 2022,the runoff was relatively abundant compared with the historical average of the same period before August,and there was a sharp transition from wet to dry after August.In 2006,the severity of drought gradually accumulated along the upper reaches above Yichang Station,and it gradually decreased from upstream to downstream below Yichang Station.In 2011,the severity of drought in the Xiangjiaba-Cuntan,Cuntan-Luoshan,and Luoshan-Datong sections showed a fluctuating trend of decreasing,increasing,and decreasing.In 2022,upstream,midstream,and downstream experienced simultaneous drought in the Yangtze River Basin.
作者
张睿康
徐长江
陈玺
邴建平
邵骏
郑雅莲
ZHANG Ruikang;XU Changjiang;CHEN Xi;BING Jianping;SHAO Jun;ZHENG Yalian(Bureau of Hydrology,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)
出处
《水资源保护》
北大核心
2025年第4期151-158,179,共9页
Water Resources Protection
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3206001)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2024AFD354)。
关键词
典型枯水年
径流特征
干旱
长江流域
typical dry year
runoff characteristics
drought
the Yangtze River Basin
