摘要
医疗人工智能在提升诊疗效率和公共卫生管理效能的同时,加剧了数据安全风险。人工智能在医疗领域的应用面临隐私保护挑战。隐私泄露不仅导致个人信息滥用,更会削弱患者对医疗人工智能的信任。医疗人工智能隐私保护是维护患者合法权益的基石。目前,医疗人工智能隐私保护存在以下亟待治理的困境:医疗人工智能隐私保护法律体系存在结构性缺陷,隐私缺乏法律保障;医疗数据权属争议导致共享矛盾,加剧医疗数据价值释放与隐私保护的平衡;算法黑箱削弱患者知情权,阻碍患者保护隐私;传统脱敏技术面临身份重识别威胁,扩大隐私泄露风险;隐私追责认定难题,加大隐私保护的维权难度。为治理以上隐私保护困境,应建立多维框架以平衡技术创新与患者权益,构建“技术-法律-伦理”协同治理体系进行数据分类分级与场景化治理,形成政府主导、行业协同、社会监督的三级治理架构。唯有通过多方协同共治实现隐私保护与数据价值的动态平衡,才能推动智慧医疗可持续发展。
While medical artificial intelligence enhances the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment and the effectiveness of public health management,it also intensifies data security risks.The application of artificial intelligence in the medical field is facing privacy protection challenges.Privacy leakage not only leads to the abuse of personal information,but also weakens patients'trust in medical artificial intelligence.Privacy protection in medical artificial intelligence is the cornerstone for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of patients.At present,there are the following urgent predicaments to be addressed in the privacy protection of medical artificial intelligence:the legal system for privacy protection of medical artificial intelligence has structural flaws,and privacy lacks legal protection;disputes over the ownership of medical data lead to sharing conflicts and intensify the balance between the release of the value of medical data and privacy protection;the algorithmic black box weakens patients'right to know and hinders them from protecting their privacy;traditional desensitization techniques are facing the threat of identity re-identification,expanding the risk of privacy leakage;the dfficulty in determining privacy accountability has increased the difficulty of safeguarding privacy rights.To address the above-mentioned privacy protection predicaments,a multi-dimensional governance framework should be established to balance technological innovation and patients'rights and interests.A collaborative governance system of"technology-law-ethics"should be constructed for data classification and grading as well as scenario-based governance,forming a three-level governance structure led by the government,coordinated by industries,and supervised by society.Only by achieving a dynamic balance between privacy protection and data value through multi-party collaborative governance can the sustainable development of smart healthcare be promoted.
作者
段雪溪
张迪
彭迎春
DUAN Xuexi;ZHANG Di;PENG Yingchun(Department of Science and Technology,Beijing Chest Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 101149,China;School of Medical Humanities Center for Medical Humanities Research,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)
出处
《中国医药导报》
2025年第17期186-192,共7页
China Medical Herald
基金
北京市教育委员会社科计划一般项目(SM202010025006)。
关键词
医疗人工智能
隐私风险
隐私保护
伦理治理
Medical artificial intelligence
Privacy risks
Privacy protection
Ethical governance 1
