摘要
大型研究基础设施作为驱动技术前沿突破的关键载体,其能源效率影响机制尚未得到系统性阐释。以国家超算中心为典型样本,基于2001—2021年中国91个城市的面板数据,运用多期DID模型,实证检验大型研究基础设施对能源效率的多维度影响机制。结果显示:国家超算中心获批通过“抑制—促进”双重路径作用于所在城市能源效率,其高能耗属性引致的直接能源消耗效应形成效率抑制,而通过产业数字化转型(结构效应)与全要素生产率跃升(技术效应)产生的间接促进效应显著占优,最终呈现正向净效应。使用空间DID模型进一步研究发现,国家超算中心获批能够显著促进周边城市能源效率的提升。国家超算中心获批对能源效率的多重作用机制为平衡大型研究基础设施能耗约束与可持续发展目标提供了理论依据与政策优化路径,应从削弱超算中心的能源消耗效应,发挥超算中心的结构效应和技术效应入手,促进产业数字化转型和技术创新,提升能源效率。
Large-scale research infrastructures,as key platforms driving breakthroughs at the technological frontier,have yet to have their energy efficiency impact mechanisms systematically elucidated.Taking China s National Supercomputing Centers(NSC)as a representative case,this study employs panel data from 91 Chinese cities spanning 2001 to 2021 and applies a multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)model to empirically examine the multidimensional impact mechanisms of large-scale research infrastructures on energy efficiency.The findings indicate that NSCs influence local energy efficiency through a dual“suppression-promotion”pathway:While their high energy consumption directly suppresses efficiency,the indirect positive effects—arising from industrial digital transformation(structural effect)and improvements in total factor productivity(technological effect)—predominate,resulting in a net positive effect.Further analysis using spatial DID models reveals that NSCs also significantly enhance the energy efficiency of neighboring cities.These findings provide theoretical foundations and policy implications for balancing the energy consumption constraints of large-scale research infrastructures with sustainable development goals.Policy efforts should focus on mitigating the energy-intensive effects of NSCs while amplifying their structural and technological contributions to foster industrial digitalization and technological innovation,thereby enhancing energy efficiency.
作者
丁烨旻
余泳泽
胡鹏
朱子政
DING Ye-min;YU Yong-ze;HU Peng;ZHU Zi-zheng
出处
《产经评论》
北大核心
2025年第4期39-53,共15页
Industrial Economic Review
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“环境目标约束下的产业高质量发展研究”(项目编号:20&ZD089,项目负责人:余泳泽)。
关键词
国家超算中心
能源效率
产业数字化
全要素生产率
National Supercomputing Center
energy efficiency
industrial digitalization
TFP
