摘要
我国东北地区存在大量区域性低产土壤——白浆土,通过秸秆还田方式培肥白浆土将是我国粮食增产的突破口之一,也可以解决秸秆和畜禽粪作为农业废弃物造成的污染问题。进行连续3年大田定位试验,设置4个处理:秸秆处理(SCK),秸秆加牛粪处理(SCD),秸秆加鸡粪处理(SCM)以及秸秆加牛粪鸡粪处理(SDM),对土壤养分状况进行分析,测定大田玉米的生物性状和考种测产。结果表明:与SCK处理相比,SCM处理3年内土壤pH升高至5.54,上升了13.62%,在土壤中有机碳含量升高了38.82%,碱解氮含量升高了21.20%,速效磷含量升高了52.15%,速效钾含量升高了72.82%,同时改善了作物的株高、茎粗、SPAD值等指标,3年玉米产量升高了12.86%~26.91%。进一步相关性分析发现,土壤养分状况与玉米生育性状各指标之间表现出良好的相关关系,其中产量与pH、有机碳、速效磷、速效钾、叶绿素、株高呈极显著正相关。综上,畜禽粪与玉米秸秆田间条带堆腐可以对白浆土的土壤养分状况进行改良,并提高白浆土玉米种植的产量,其中鸡粪添加秸秆条带堆腐的改良效果较好。
There is a large amount of regional low-yield albic soil in northeast China,and fertilizing albic soil through straw returning to the field will be one of the breakthroughs to increase grain production in China.Moreover,the pollution problems caused by agricultural waste materials,such as straw and livestock and poultry manure,also need to be solved urgently.This study was a three-year field positioning experiment,with four treatments set up:straw treatment(SCK),straw and cow dung treatment(SCD),straw and chicken manure treatment(SCM),and straw and cow dung chicken manure treatment(SDM).It involved analysis of soil nutrient status and measurement and yield assessment of biological traits of field maize.The results showed that compared with SCK treatment,pH value of SCM treatment increased to 5.54 within 3 years,up 13.62%,soil organic carbon content of SCM treatment increased by 38.82%,soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content increased by 21.20%,oil available phosphorus content increased by 52.15%,and soil available potassium content increased by 72.82%.Meanwhile,crop growth indexes,such as plant height,stem diameter and SPAD value were also increased,and maize yield increased by 12.86%-26.91%over three years.Further correlation analysis showed that soil nutrient status showed a good correlation with growth traits of maize,among which yield showed an extremely significantly positive correlation with pH value,organic carbon,available phosphorus,available potassium,chlorophyll,and plant height.In conclusion,field strip composting of livestock and poultry manure with maize straw can effectively improve nutrient status of albic soil and increase yield of maize planted in albic soil.Among them,strip composting with chicken manure added to the straw has a relatively better improvement effect.
作者
关华建
吴景贵
赵欣宇
李建明
季佳鹏
孟庆龙
牛岸秋
邢向欣
GUAN Huajian;WU Jinggui;ZHAO Xinyu;LI Jianming;JI Jiapeng;MENG Qinglong;NIU Anqiu;XING Xiangxin(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Machinery,Changchun 130022,China)
出处
《吉林农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期473-480,共8页
Journal of Jilin Agricultural University
基金
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20190301018NY)。
关键词
白浆土
畜禽粪
条带堆腐
秸秆还田
有机培肥
玉米产量
albic soil
livestock and poultry manure
strip composting
returning straw to the field
organic fertilizer
corn yield
