摘要
目前已发掘的明代亲王墓中仅有位于四川成都的蜀藩王墓中出土了大量釉陶俑,其余亲王墓中出土的陪葬俑则为彩绘陶俑或木俑,蜀藩墓俑的特殊性由此可见一斑。成都地区蜀藩王室成员墓、蜀府宦官墓等高规格明墓中出土的釉陶俑在明早期延续了铅釉三彩俑的传统,但在弘治至正德年间釉色发生转变,自上而下开始流行陪葬施孔雀绿、深紫蓝的珐华碱釉陶俑。这种釉色转变与景德镇瓷胎珐华器的创烧、蜀藩自身的雄厚财力、蜀藩官营琉璃厂窑的烧制水平、蜀藩获取钴料的便利性等因素密切相关,在众多因素的相互作用下,形成了明代成都别具一格的珐华釉陪葬俑现象。
Among excavated tombs of Ming princes,only those of the Shu vassal state located in Chengdu have yielded a large number of glazed tomb figurines,while the others only yielded painted pottery or wooden figurines,which stands for the uniqueness of the tomb figurines in Shu vassal state.Analysis of the glazed figurines unearthed from the tombs of royal family members of the Shu vassal state indicates that the glaze on tomb figurines changed during the Hongzhi period and Zhengde period,which shifted from the widespread traditional lead glaze in early Ming Dynasty into alkaline fahua glazes,represented by the combination of turquoise glaze and dark blue glaze.In the meantime,the glaze applied on tomb figurines excavated from tombs of high-ranking eunuchs who served in the Shu palace also changed.The popularity of fahua-glazed tomb figurines in high-ranking tombs of the Shu vassal state can be attributed to the following factors:(1)The innovation of fahua-glazed porcelain originated in Jingdezhen kilns.(2)The wealth of the Shu vassal state.(3)The craftsmanship of the official Liuli Kiln in Chengdu.(4)The convenience for the Shu vassal state to obtain the cobalt resource,which is required when making the indigo glaze.In summary,under the influence of these interactive factors,the unique funerary custom of using fahua-glazed tomb figurine was formed in the Shu vassal state.
出处
《四川文物》
北大核心
2025年第3期85-94,共10页
Sichuan Cultural Relics
关键词
明墓
蜀藩
蜀府宦官
珐华釉陪葬俑
Ming tombs
Shu vassal state
Eunuchs serving the Shu palace
Fahua-glazed tomb figurines
