摘要
我国现行法律对于债务人企业申请破产的内部决定权归属缺乏清晰的规定,造成将破产申请职权混淆为公司自愿清算权从而归属于股东会的实践误区。现行企业破产法缺乏对于董事会申请破产事务的决定权以及董事申请破产义务的规定容易造成企业迟延申请破产,从而损害债权清偿利益。此次企业破产法修改必须明确公司事实破产的情况下董事会有申请破产的职权。公司申请破产原则上应当由董事会集体决策,但是应当允许董事个人代表公司提起“准自愿破产”作为在董事会因为召集人的失踪、意见不统一等无法及时形成申请破产的决议或者陷入决议僵局时的特殊的替代措施。民法典和公司法的规定为董事承担违反破产申请义务的责任提供了规则基础,为此次企业破产法修改明确引入董事申请破产的规则提供了条件。
The current laws lack clear provisions regarding the allocation of internal decision-making authority for debtor companies applying for bankruptcy,which leads to a misunderstanding in practice that conflates the power to file for bankruptcy with the company's voluntary liquidation,thus attributing it to the shareholders'meeting.The current"Enterprise Bankruptcy Law"lacks rule on the board of directors'authority to apply for bankruptcy filing and the obligations of directors to file for bankruptcy,which can result in delays in a company's bankruptcy application,thereby harming the interests of creditors'repayment.This article suggests that the revision of the"Enterprise Bankruptcy Law"must clearly establish that the board of directors has the authority to apply for bankruptcy in the event of actual insolvency of the company.In principle,a company's application for bankruptcy should be a collective decision by the board of directors.However,it should be allowed for individual directors to represent the company in fling for quasi-voluntary bankruptcy"as a special substitute measure when the board is unable to timely form a resolution to apply for bankruptcy due to the absence of the convener,disagreement among members,or being trapped in a deadlock.The provisions of the"Civil Code"and the"Company Law"provide a regulatory basis for holding directors accountable for violating obligations to apply for bankruptcy,creating conditions for clearly introducing regulations on directors applying for bankruptcy in this amendment of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law."
出处
《政法论坛》
北大核心
2025年第4期100-114,共15页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
北京市哲学社会科学项目“优化营商环境下的债务人自行管理重整模式的体系建构”(23FXB012)的阶段性成果。
关键词
事实破产
破产申请
职权分配
董事责任
Actual Insolvency
Bankruptcy Filing
Distribution of Authority
Director Responsibilities
