摘要
【目的】探究化肥减施对小麦生长、产量及土壤氮、磷污染对环境的影响,以期为小麦的种植和化肥减量提供参考。【方法】采用田间小区试验,研究不同化肥减施措施CK(空白)、CT(常规传统施肥)、JS1(化肥减施90%+植物生长调控剂)、JS2(化肥减施90%+生化黄腐酸)、JS3(化肥减施70%+植物生长调控剂)、JS4(化肥减施70%+生化黄腐酸)、JS5(化肥减施50%)、JS6(化肥减施30%)对小麦生长、产量的影响及氮、磷污染的控制效果。【结果】化肥减施70%配施植物生长调控剂较常规传统施肥相比能够缩短小麦生长周期8 d,促进小麦提早成熟,还能显著提高产量,达4799.87 kg/hm^(2),与常规传统施肥相比增产26.18%。化肥减施70%配施植物生长调控剂能改善土壤环境,与常规传统施肥相比可降低0~30 cm土层SIN、TSN和TSP含量(43.21%、26.56%和27.62%)。【结论】化肥减施70%条件下配施植物生长调控剂不仅能保证小麦生长良好、产量达标,而且对控制水体氮、磷污染有较好效果,可在一定程度上解决因大量施用化肥造成的农业氮、磷污染问题。
[Objective]The impact of chemical fertilizer reduction on wheat growth and yield,and the control effects on soil nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the environment were investigated to provide a reference for wheat cultivation and chemical fertilizer reduction.[Method]A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different chemical fertilizer reduction treatments,including CK(blank),CT(conventional traditional chemical fertilization)JS_(1)(90%chemical fertilizer reduction+plant growth regulator),JS_(2)(90%chemical fertilizer reduction+biochemical humic acid),JS_(3)(70%chemical fertilizer reduction+plant growth regulator),JS_(4)(70%chemical fertilizer reduction+biochemical humic acid),JS_(50(50%chemical fertilizer reduction),JS_(6)(30%chemical fertilizer reduction)on wheat growth and yield,and control effects on nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.[Result]70%chemical fertilizer reduction+plant growth regulator treatment shortened the wheat growth period by 8 days compared to conventional traditional chemical fertilization,promoted earlier maturity,and significantly increased wheat yield to 4799.87 kg/hm^(2),an increase of 26.18%compared to conventional chemical fertilization.70%chemical fertilizer reduction+plant growth regulator treatment could also improve the soil environment,reducing SIN,TSN,and TSP content in the 0-30 cm soil layer by 43.21%,26.56%and 27.62%,respectively,compared to conventional fertilization.[Conclusion]70%chemical fertilizer reduction+plant growth regulator treatment not only ensures good wheat growth and yield,but also effectively controls nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in water bodies,helping to address the agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus pollution caused by excessive chemical fertilizer application to some extent.
作者
陈永友
樊海
杨成
杨成
伍超
彭艳
曾广能
CHEN Yong-you;FAN Hai;YANG Cheng;YANG Cheng;WU Chao;PENG Yan;ZENG Guang-neng(College of Eco-environmental Engineering of Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期1096-1104,共9页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41563013)。
关键词
小麦
化肥减施
植物生长调控剂
生化黄腐酸
氮、磷污染
Wheat
Chemical fertilizer reduction
Plant growth regulator
Biochemical humic acid
Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution
