摘要
【目的】鉴定40份玉米自交系抗旱性并筛选其评价指标,为广西抗旱玉米种质创新和抗旱玉米品种选育提供依据。【方法】以40份广西玉米自交系为材料,设置干旱胁迫和正常供水2种处理,测定玉米性状(株高、穗位高、株数、穗数、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重),并计算籽粒产量及相关抗旱鉴定指标:产量抗旱系数(YDC)、产量抗旱指数(YDI)、耐旱指数(DTI)、敏感胁迫指数(SSI)、耐旱能力(TOL)、平均产量(MP)、几何平均产量(GMP)、胁迫耐受指数(STI),采用逐步回归法与主成分分析法等方法综合评价不同玉米自交系的抗旱性并筛选抗旱指标。【结果】在干旱胁迫和正常供水处理下,籽粒产量与穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗数5个性状之间均呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)正相关;各玉米性状间存在相关性。产量抗旱指数与穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗数5个性状的抗旱指数间均呈极显著正相关。逐步回归分析结果表明,穗粗、行粒数和穗数可作为玉米自交系抗旱性鉴定的次级性状筛选指标。对产量抗旱系数、产量抗旱指数、耐旱指数、敏感胁迫指数、耐旱能力、平均产量、几何平均产量、胁迫耐受指数8个抗旱鉴定指标与干旱胁迫下籽粒产量、正常供水下籽粒产量进行相关分析,结果表明平均产量、几何平均产量和胁迫耐受指数与干旱胁迫下籽粒产量、正常供水下籽粒产量均呈极显著正相关且相关系数较高,可将其作为玉米自交系抗旱性的第三鉴定指标。各玉米性状抗旱指数的抗旱性综合评价和抗旱鉴定指标的抗旱性综合评价共同筛选出6份抗旱性强、产量高、性状优良的玉米自交系:08F、505杂父-3、桂95411、桂39113、桂39321和楼18-6-3-1-1-2。【结论】穗粗、行粒数和穗数可作为玉米自交系抗旱性鉴定的次级性状筛选指标,平均产量、几何平均产量和胁迫耐受指数可作为自交系抗旱性的第三鉴定指标。初步筛选出6份抗旱性强、产量高、性状优良的玉米自交系。
[Objective]The present paper aimed to identify the drought resistance of 40 maize inbred lines and screen their evaluation indicators to provide a basis for germplasm innovation and breeding of drought resistant maize varieties in Guangxi.[Method]A total of 40 maize inbred lines from Guangxi were used as the materials.The traits of maize inbred lines under drought stress and normal irrigation treatments(plant height,ear height,number of plants,ear number,ear length,ear diameter,bald tip length,number of rows per ear,number of grains per row and hundred-grain weight)were measured,and the grain yield and related drought resistance identification indicators:Yield drought resistance coefficient(YDC),yield drought resistance index(YDI),drought tolerance index(DTI),stress susceptibility index(SSI),tolerance index(TOL),mean productivity(MP),geometrical mean yield(GMP)and stress tolerance index(STI)were calculated.Stepwise regression and principal component analysis methods were used to comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of dfferent maize inbred lines and screen drought resistance indicators.[Result]Under drought stress and normal irrigation conditions,there was significant(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01,the same as below)positive correlation between grain yield and five traits,including ear length,ear diameter,number of rows per ear,number of grains per rows and ear number.However,there was correlation among the traits.Meanwhile,there was extremely significant positive correlation between the drought resistance index of yield and the drought resistance index of five traits,including ear length,ear diameter,number of rows per ear,number of grains per rowsr and ear number.The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that ear diameter,number of grains per rows and ear number could be used as secondary traits screening indexes for drought resistance identification of maize inbred lines.The correlation analysis of 8 drought resistance indexes including yield drought resistance index,yield drought resistance index,drought tolerance index,sensitive stress index,drought tolerance ability,average yield,geometric average yield and stress tolerance index with grain yield under drought stress and grain yield under normal water supply was conducted.The results showed that the average yield,geometric average yield and stress tolerance index were extremely significantly positively correlated with grain yield under drought stress and grain yield under normal water supply,and the correlation coefficient was high,which could be used as the third identification index of drought resistance of maize inbred lines.Six maize inbred lines with strong drought resistance,high yield and good characters were selected by comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance index and drought resistance identification index:08F,505 Zefu-3,Gui 95411,Gui 39113,Gui 39321 and Lou 18-6-3-1-1-2.[Conclusion]Ear diameter,number of rows per ear and ear number can be used as traits to evaluate indicators for drought resistance identification in maize inbred lines.And,mean productivity,geometrical mean yield and stress tolerance index can be used as identification indicators for the strength of drought resistance in inbred lines.Six maize inbred lines with strong drought resistance,high yield and excellent traits are preliminarily screened through comprehensive evaluation.
作者
廉明
文仁来
成越
田树云
何雪银
LIAN Ming;WEN Ren-lai;CHENG Yue;TIAN Shu-yun;HE Xue-yin(Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Sub-center of National Maize Improvement Center of China,Nanning 530007,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期999-1013,共15页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2023YM59、桂农科2024YP034)
广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2021YT018)
广西农业科学院玉米研究所科技发展基金项目(桂玉科202407、桂玉科202410)。
关键词
玉米
自交系
抗旱性
鉴定指标
主成分分析
Maize
Inbred line
Drought resistance
Identification indicators
Principal component analysis
