摘要
目的了解上海市大型公园其蚊种密度及构成情况,为公园内媒介蚊虫的预防和控制提供相应的措施。方法选择上海市中心城区大型公园、郊野森林公园和野生动物园作为调查地,每个公园按东、南、西、北设置4个调查点,共12个点。2023年5—10月每旬开展1次监测,使用BG-Trap法开展蚊虫监测,并记录监测时段内气象信息,同时对游客开展蚊虫叮咬相关因素调查。利用Excel 2019软件整理数据,SPSS 16.0进行统计分析。结果共捕获蚊虫14879只,平均蚊虫密度为68.88只/(个·d)。淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊为3类公园共同优势蚊种,其余的优势蚊种为三带喙库蚊或骚扰阿蚊。蚊虫密度季节变化总体上呈单峰分布,野生动物园和中心城区大型公园的蚊虫密度峰值为7月,蚊虫密度分别为241.67只/(个·d)和77.42只/(个·d)。郊野森林公园的蚊虫密度峰值为8月,蚊虫密度为11.27只/(个·d)。蚊虫密度与气象因素的分析结果表明,总体蚊虫密度与日平均气温和日平均风速呈正相关(r=0.501、0.366,P<0.01)。蚊虫叮咬的人口学特征显示,蚊虫叮咬率为33.45%。与未被叮咬人群相比,被叮咬人群主要以男性为主,其平均年龄较低、在公园中游玩时间较长,且日常被叮咬频率较高。结论城市大型公园的蚊虫密度较高,建议定期对城市大型公园开展蚊虫监测,根据蚊种构成和季节变化趋势,开展针对性的灭蚊工作。建议公园在人流量较多的场所,种植一些具有驱蚊功效的植物。同时加强宣传教育,强化市民的防蚊灭蚊意识及蚊传疾病的危害。
Objective To understand mosquito species density and composition in large parks in Shanghai,thereby providing evidence-based measures for the prevention and control of mosquitoes.Methods Three types of parks,large parks in the central urban area,rural forest park,and wildlife park,were selected as research objects;four sampling stations(east,south,west,north)were set up in each park,giving 12 stations in total.From May to October 2023,surveillance will be conducted once every ten days with BG-Traps,and meteorological variables will be recorded during each trapping period.At the same time,a questionnaire on factors related to mosquito bites was investigated among visitors.Data were collated with Excel 2019 and analyzed with SPSS 16.0.Results A total of 14879 mosquitoes were captured,with an average density of 68.88 specimens/(trap·day).Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus were the common dominant species in the three types of parks,and the other dominant species were Culex tritaeniorhynchus or Armigeres subalbatus.Mosquito density exhibited a unimodal seasonal pattern:peak occurred in July in both the wildlife park and large park in central urban areas at 241.67 and 77.42 specimens/(trap·day)in July,respectively,and in August in the rural forest park at 11.27 specimens/(trap·day).The analysis of mosquito density and meteorological factors showed that overall mosquito density was positively correlated with daily mean air temperature and daily mean wind speed(r=0.501,0.366,P<0.01).The questionnaire showed a mosquito-bite prevalence of 33.45%;bitten visitors were predominantly male,younger,spent longer periods in the park,and reported a higher usual bite frequency than unbitten visitors.Conclusions Mosquito density is relatively high in large urban parks.Regular mosquito surveillance should be carried out,and species-specific control measures should be scheduled according to species composition and seasonal trends.Planting mosquito-repellent vegetation at high-traffic sites is recommended,along with strengthened public education to raise awareness of mosquito prevention and control and the hazards of mosquito-borne diseases.
作者
元永艇
李慧慧
陆奇
顾盈培
林晨
葛鸽
刘洪霞
刘汉昭
YUAN Yongting;LI Huihui;LU Qi;GU Yingpei;LIN Chen;GE Ge;LIU Hongxia;LIU Hanzhao(Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Supervision Institute),Shanghai 200136,China;Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine,Shanghai 200136,China;Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China)
出处
《中国热带医学》
北大核心
2025年第6期777-782,共6页
China Tropical Medicine
基金
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)重点学科(No.GWⅥ-11.1-13)
上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心卫生科技项目(No.PDCDC-2023-10)
上海市浦东新区科技发展基金事业单位民生科研专项医疗卫生项目(No.PKJ2024-Y81)
上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会学科带头人培养计划(No.PWRd2023-12)。
关键词
蚊虫
密度监测
叮咬
淡色库蚊
白纹伊蚊
三带喙库蚊
骚扰阿蚊
城市公园
Mosquito
density monitoring
biting
Culex pallens pallens
Aedes albopictus
Culex tritaeniorhynchus
Armigeres subalbatus
urban park
