摘要
【目的】探究长江流域棉区机采棉的最优行距和种植密度。【方法】2024年在湖南省长沙市、岳阳市和衡阳市开展大田试验,以JX0010棉花品种为试验材料,主区为3种等行距处理,分别为90 cm(L1)、83 cm(L2)和76 cm(L3),副区为3种种植密度处理:60000株·hm^(-2)(D1)、75000株·hm^(-2)(D2)和90000株·hm^(-2)(D3),比较不同处理下棉花株型指标、地上部干物质质量、净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,P_(n))、叶绿素含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD值)、叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)以及产量性状的差异。【结果】同一行距处理下,随种植密度增加,株高呈升高趋势,单株果枝数、茎粗和第4果枝长度整体呈降低趋势。L1D3处理的第1果枝节位高度较高。盛蕾期,同一行距下,随种植密度增加,单株地上部干物质质量呈增加趋势。盛蕾期、盛花期、盛铃期和吐絮期,L1D3处理的茎秆、叶片、生殖器官及单株的干物质质量均较高。盛花期和盛铃期,同一行距下,D2处理的P_(n)较大;吐絮期,随密度增加,P_(n)呈升高趋势,L1D3处理的P_(n)较高。盛蕾期至吐絮期,同一行距下,随密度增加,SPAD值和LAI(盛蕾期长沙L1处理除外)呈升高趋势。L1D3处理的单株结铃数最多。同一行距下,随密度增加,籽棉产量和皮棉产量升高,L1D3处理的籽棉产量和皮棉产量最高,在岳阳和衡阳试验点均显著高于除L2D3之外的其他7个处理。【结论】本试验条件下,JX0010棉花适宜的行距为90 cm、种植密度为90000株·hm^(-2)。
[Objective]This research aimed to investigate the optimal row spacing and planting density of mechanically harvested cotton in the Yangtze River Basin.[Methods]Field trials were conducted in Changsha,Yueyang,and Hengyang Cities in Hunan Province in 2024,using the JX0010 cotton variety as the experimental material.The main plot included three row spacing treatments:90 cm(L1),83 cm(L2),and 76 cm(L3),while the subplot had three planting density treatments:60000 plants·hm^(-2)(D1),75000 plants·hm^(-2)(D2),and 90000 plants·hm^(-2)(D3).The plant architecture,aboveground dry matter mass,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),chlorophyll content(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD value),leaf area index(LAI),and yield traits were compared under different treatments.[Results]At the same row spacing,as planting density increased,plant height tended to increase,while the number of fruiting branches,stem diameter,and length of the fourth fruiting branch tended to decrease.The height of the first fruiting branch was higher under L1D3 treatment.At the full squaring stage,the aboveground dry matter mass per plant tended to increase with the increasing of planting density at the same row spacing.The dry matter mass of stems,leaves,reproductive organs,and whole plant were higher under L1D3 treatment at the full squaring stage,full flowering stage,full boll-setting stage,and boll opening stage.At the full flowering stage and full boll-setting stage,P_(n) was higher under the D2 treatment at the same row spacing;at the boll opening stage,P_(n) tended to increase with the increasing of planting density,and P_(n) was higher under L1D3 treatment.At the same row spacing,SPAD value and LAI(except for the L1 treatment in Changsha at the full squaring stage)increased with the increasing of planting density from the full squaring stage to boll opening stage.The L1D3 treatment had the highest number of bolls per plant.Under the same row spacing,seed cotton yield and lint yield increased with the increasing of planting density,with L1D3 treatment showing the highest seed cotton yield and lint yield,which were significantly higher than the other seven treatments(expcept L2D3 treatment)at both Yueyang and Hengyang test sites.[Conclusion]Under the conditions of this experiment,the optimal row spacing for JX0010 cotton is 90 cm,and the optimal planting density is 90000 plants·hm^(-2).
作者
隋鲁鹏
徐姣
成芳
张永莉
谢章书
荣志凌
王方园
朱家军
李飞
刘爱玉
江又红
赵世浩
周仲华
Sui Lupeng;Xu Jiao;Cheng Fang;Zhang Yongli;Xie Zhangshu;Rong Zhiling;Wang Fangyuan;Zhu Jiajun;Li Fei;Liu Aiyu;Jiang Youhong;Zhao Shihao;Zhou Zhonghua(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Cotton Science Institute,Changde,Hunan 415101,China;Hengyang County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hengyang,Hunan 421299,China;Changsha Normal University,Changsha 410199,China)
出处
《棉花学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期221-234,I0012-I0017,共20页
Cotton Science
基金
湖南省棉花产业技术体系栽培与良种繁育岗位专家项目(湘农发〔2022〕31号)
湖南省棉花科技创新项目(湘财建指〔2024〕162号)。
关键词
棉花
行距
密度
产量
株型
光合性能
长江流域棉区
cotton
row spacing
density
yield
plant architecture
photosynthetic performance
cotton-growing region of the Yangtze River Basin
