摘要
"橡胶弹性"是《高分子物理》中联系长链分子构象和熵弹性的重要章节之一.现行《高分子物理》教科书以讲授Gaussian链构象和收缩力以及Gaussian链网络熵变和应力为主,附带讲授Gaussian链统计力学的修正,而很少提及非Gaussian链统计力学及其近似表达形式.本文从无规行走问题出发回顾Gaussian链、非Gaussian链统计力学的主要来源与结果,介绍自由连接链、自避无规行走链末端位移分布和统计力学问题,以便让读者认识到Gaussian链网络模型仅是无穷长链Stirling近似结果的特例,而非Gaussian链统计力学在描述交联密度、链刚性、分子间/分子内作用力的贡献方面更有用.
“Rubber elasticity”is one of the important chapters in Polymer Physics that connects the conformation and entropy elasticity of long-chain molecules.In the current textbooks of Polymer Physics,the conformation and contraction force of Gaussian chains,as well as the entropy change and stress of Gaussian chain networks are introduced,with some corrections of Gaussian statistical mechanics,but the non-Gaussian chains statistical mechanics and their approximate expressions are rarely referred to.Reviewed in this article are the sources of statistical mechanics of long Gaussian chains and non-Gaussian chains from the perspective of random walking,the distributions of end-to-end vector of freely jointed chains and self-avoiding random walking chains so as to make readers realize that the Gaussian chain network models are only a special case of the Stirling approximation to infinitely long chains,and that the statistical mechanics of non-Gaussian chains are more useful in describing the contributions of crosslinking density,chain stiffness,and intermolecular and/or intramolecular forces to the rubber elasticity.
作者
宋义虎
SONG Yi-hu(MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)
出处
《高分子通报》
北大核心
2025年第7期1161-1172,共12页
Polymer Bulletin
